研究目的
To achieve ultrahigh-rate capability and long lifespan for Na4MnV(PO4)3 (NMVP) by in situ embedding the intertwined carbon nanotube (CNT) matrix into the bulk of Na4MnV-(PO4)3@C composites through a facile wet-chemical approach.
研究成果
The 3D well-interconnected Na4MnV(PO4)3 by a simpler and cheaper method with better rate performance and cycling capability than previous reported state-of-the-art Na4MnV(PO4)3 material, which further propels the development of NMVP material.
研究不足
The inherent low electronic conductivity of NMVP impedes the scale-up commercial applications.
1:Experimental Design and Method Selection:
A facile wet-chemical approach followed by a post-annealing process was used to prepare the composites.
2:Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Stoichiometric amounts of ammonium vanadium oxides, anhydrous citric acid, acid-treated CNTs, anhydrous sodium acetate, manganese(II) acetate tetrahydrate, and ammonium phosphate monobasic were used.
3:List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Raman spectra, Brunauer?Emmett?Teller (BET) method, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
4:Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The composites were prepared by dissolving and stirring the materials, followed by ultrasonic treatment, magnetic stirring, drying, and sintering.
5:Data Analysis Methods:
The structure information was probed by XRD, morphology by SEM and TEM, carbon content by TGA, and valence state of elements by XPS.
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X-ray diffraction
Rigaku SmartLab 9 kW
Rigaku
Probing the structure information of the samples
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X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Thermo Fisher ESCALAB 250Xi
Thermo Fisher
Determining the valence state of elements
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field emission scanning electron microscope
TESCAN MAIA 3 XMH
TESCAN
Investigating the morphology of materials
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transmission electron microscopy
Tecnai G2 F20
Tecnai
Acquiring the microstructure of materials
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thermogravimetric analysis
STA 2500 Regulus TGA
STA
Determining the carbon content of all samples
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Raman spectra
LabRAM HR Evolution
LabRAM
Testing the carbon coating and CNT details
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Brunauer?Emmett?Teller
Micromeritics ASAP 2460
Micromeritics
Conducting the BET method
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