研究目的
To test the weak equivalence principle (uniqueness of free fall) in the Earth’s gravitational field using laser-ranged satellites at previously untested ranges and with previously untested materials.
研究成果
The study confirms the weak equivalence principle for the three satellites with an accuracy of approximately one part in a billion, filling a gap in the tests of this principle fundamental to Einstein’s gravitational theory of General Relativity. The test was conducted at previously untested ranges and with previously untested materials, providing new constraints on deviations from the universality of free fall.
研究不足
The main uncertainties in the estimation of the radial accelerations are due to the errors in the Earth’s spherical harmonics higher than the quadrupole moment, J2, and due to the errors in the modeling of atmospheric drag and of other non-gravitational perturbations. The accuracy of the test is limited by the measurement error of the radial distance of the satellites.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study uses satellite laser-ranging to test the weak equivalence principle. The methodology involves comparing the residual radial accelerations of three satellites (LARES, LAGEOS, and LAGEOS 2) made of different materials (tungsten, aluminum/brass) at different altitudes.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Laser-ranging data from more than 40 ILRS stations worldwide were collected for the satellites LARES, LAGEOS, and LAGEOS 2 from February 2012 to December
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
20 The satellites LARES, LAGEOS, and LAGEOS 2, equipped with laser retroreflectors, were used. The Earth gravity model GGM05S was employed for data analysis.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The laser-ranging data were processed using NASA’s orbital analysis and data reduction software GEODYN II, validated by the orbital modelers UTOPIA, and EPOSOC. The analysis included Earth rotation from GNSS and VLBI, Earth tides, solar radiation pressure, Earth albedo, thermal thrust, and lunar, solar and planetary perturbations.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
The data analysis was based on the Earth gravity model GGM05S, describing the Earth’s spherical harmonics up to degree 180. The analysis involved comparing the residual radial accelerations of the three satellites to test the weak equivalence principle.
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