研究目的
To develop a technique for the detection of heavy metal ions in contaminated water using tin oxide quantum dots (SnO2 QDs) synthesized in aqueous solution, which is of high response, low limit of detection, simplicity in operation, and capability of in situ detection.
研究成果
The SnO2 QDs prepared in aqueous solution showed promising properties for the development of photoluminescence sensors for heavy metal ion detection in contaminated water, with a low limit of detection and high response to Ni2+. The fluorescence response is controlled by the density of active Sn vacancies on the QD surface, as demonstrated by first principle calculations.
研究不足
The present SnO2 QDs show a fluorescence response to all heavy metal ions tested, making it necessary to develop the ability to discriminate among them for practical sensor applications. The performance of the sensor varies in different background solutions, indicating the need for further study to adapt the QDs for practical use.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
SnO2 QDs were synthesized in aqueous solution via a simple hydrolysis and oxidation process using SnCl2·2H2O and thiourea as raw materials. The fluorescence spectroscopy of QDs was used to detect heavy metal ions.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Heavy metal ions of Cd2+, Fe3+, Ni2+, and Pb2+ were incorporated with the SnO2 QDs solution. The fluorescence response was measured immediately after incorporation.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Dynamic light scattering (DLS) for grain size and Zeta potential analysis, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) for morphology observation, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for structural and compositional characterization, and a fluorescence spectrometer for fluorescence performances.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The SnO2 QDs were synthesized, characterized, and then used to detect heavy metal ions in various background solutions including deionized water, deionized water with Fe3+, reclaimed water, and sea water.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
The fluorescence response was defined as the ratio of the maximum intensity of SnO2 QDs to the one of SnO2 QDs with heavy metal ion incorporation. The first principle calculation based on the density function theory was used to discuss the mechanism of fluorescence response.
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