研究目的
To examine the influence of oxidizing agents (H2O2 or HNO3) on the size characteristics and structure of nanoparticles obtained directly by PLA in water, and also to establish their influence on aspects of the variation in the composition and structure of powders upon annealing in air.
研究成果
The study demonstrates that nanosecond pulsed laser ablation of tin in water and solutions of oxidizing agents (H2O2 and HNO3) does not lead to the formation of 100% particles of tin oxide. The use of these auxiliary agents influences both the size characteristics of the particles and subsequent mechanisms of formation of tin oxide during annealing. The nanosize powders of tin oxide of different structure and morphology obtained in this work will serve as a springboard for future work in the domain of heterogeneous catalysis and as a basis for nanocoatings for gas sensors.
研究不足
The study is limited to the effects of H2O2 and HNO3 as oxidizing agents on the formation of tin oxide nanoparticles under annealing. The interpretation of Raman spectra is complex and depends on the size, shape, and defect structure of the nanoparticles.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
Pulsed laser ablation (PLA) of metallic Sn in distilled water and solutions of hydrogen peroxide and nitric acid, followed by drying and heat treatment at different temperatures up to 800°С.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Metallic tin target (
3：58% pure) was used for PLA in various aqueous media. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm, 7 ns, 150 mJ), stainless-steel holder, glass reactor, motorized linear translators, lens with focal distance F = 50 mm, SNOL-7,2/1100 muffle furnace, Phillips CM 12 transmission electron microscope, TriStar II 3020 specific surface and porosity analyzer, Shimadzu XRD 6000 diffractometer, Renishaw InVia Raman microscope, TG-DSC STA-449 F3 Jupiter simultaneous thermal analyzer.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The target was fixed in a stainless-steel holder and immersed in an open cylindrical glass reactor containing 100 ml of the liquid. The target was moved using two motorized linear translators in the X–Y plane orthogonal to the laser beam. The obtained nanocolloids were dried and annealed at different temperatures.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Powder x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, thermal analysis, transmission electron microscopy, BET method for specific surface area determination.
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Nd:YAG laser
LS2131M-20
LOTIS TII
Used for pulsed laser ablation of metallic Sn in distilled water and solutions of hydrogen peroxide and nitric acid.
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diffractometer
XRD 6000
Shimadzu
Used to investigate the phase composition of the materials by the powder x-ray diffraction method.
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transmission electron microscope
CM 12
Phillips
Used to investigate the size and shape of the nanoparticles.
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specific surface and porosity analyzer
TriStar II 3020
Micromeritics
Used to determine the specific surface area of the powders via adsorption of nitrogen.
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Raman microscope
InVia
Renishaw
Used to record Raman spectra of the powders.
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simultaneous thermal analyzer
STA-449 F3 Jupiter
Netzsch
Used to investigate transformations of the powders as a result of heat treatment by the method of simultaneous thermal analysis.
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muffle furnace
SNOL-7,2/1100
AB UMEGA-GROUP
Used for annealing the powders at temperatures of 400°С, 600°С, and 800°С.
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