1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study utilized femtosecond laser-induced forward transfer (fs-LIFT) for depositing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on glass substrates. The methodology focused on determining the optimal parameters like scan speed and pulse energy for the transfer process.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Silver thin films of 500 nm thickness were prepared by thermal evaporation on glass substrates, serving as donor material. Glass substrates were preprocessed with NaOH treatment and ultrasonic cleaning for enhanced adhesion.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

A Ti:Sapphire laser oscillator (50-fs pulses at 800 nm, 5 MHz repetition rate), a 20x microscope objective (0.40 NA), an x-y-z translation stage, and a camera for process monitoring were used. Characterization was performed using UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy (Shimadzu UV-1800? spectrophotometer), optical microscopy (Zeiss LSM 700), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM, FEI’s Inspect F50).

4：40 NA), an x-y-z translation stage, and a camera for process monitoring were used. Characterization was performed using UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy (Shimadzu UV-1800? spectrophotometer), optical microscopy (Zeiss LSM 700), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM, FEI’s Inspect F50). Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

4. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow: The laser beam was focused at the interface of the donor and receptor substrates, moving with constant speed. The influence of pulse energy and scanning speed on the deposited material was analyzed to determine optimal parameters.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

The width of micromachined lines was measured as a function of pulse energy, and threshold energies were determined using the Liu method. Spectroscopy analyses confirmed the composition and formation of AgNPs.