摘要： Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) as a powerful surface analysis technique has been widely applied in semiconductor industry and geology research. Recently, with the development of instrumental technology, SIMS is attracting more and more attention in life sciences. SIMS can provide surface MS spectra, 2D/3D chemical images and depth profiling of substances simultaneously. The minimal lateral resolution of 2D SIMS imaging is 80?100 nm, and the longitudinal resolution of 3D SIMS imaging is about 1–5 nm. However, owing to lack of specific ions to render the structures of organelles, SIMS imaging for single cells still have great challenges. Optical microscopy, in particular laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), has been emerged to be an indispensable technique for single cell imaging and can obtain high spatial 2D/3D imaging to visualize the structures of organelles. Thus, the combinational use of SIMS and LSCM, which takes advantages of SIMS for molecular imaging and LSCM for morphological imaging, has greatly extended the application of SIMS imaging and ensured its accuracy at single cells level, providing novel insights into better understanding of the biological events inside cells. In this review, we focus on the development and application of SIMS imaging and the correlated SIMS and LSCM imaging in the research of cell biology and drug discovery. We anticipate that the combinational use of SIMS and LSCM imaging has promising future in biomedicine and life sciences.