研究目的
Investigating the fundamental gain and directivity limitations of dense arrays and the role of embedded element efficiency in understanding the behavior of dense regular arrays.
研究成果
The embedded element efficiency fully explains the so-called element-gain paradox and becomes very low in dense arrays with element spacing smaller than half-wavelength. It can be approximated well by Hannan’s asymptote for small element spacing, corrected by the mismatch factor with all elements excited.
研究不足
The study is limited to an in?nite array of open-ended waveguides in an in?nite ground plane, and the conclusions may not be directly applicable to other types of arrays without further validation.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study uses commercial full-wave electromagnetic (EM) solvers to evaluate directivities and aperture efficiencies of an array of open-ended waveguides for a large range of element spacing.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
The numerical example is an array of open-ended waveguides with varying element spacing.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Open-ended waveguides in an infinite ground plane.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The study involves simulating the array with different methods to evaluate the realized gain and embedded element efficiency.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
The results are analyzed to understand the relationship between array gain and embedded element efficiency.
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