研究目的
Investigating the heterodyned photoacoustic effect generated by irradiation of single particles by two laser beams modulated at different frequencies.
研究成果
The heterodyne signal generated by two modulated laser sources was studied both theoretically and experimentally, with qualitative agreement between the experimental results and theoretical calculation. The study suggests further exploration of a pair of chromophores for determining their relative distance by measuring the resonance behavior of signal amplitude with modulation frequency.
研究不足
The experimental data showed a greater decrease in amplitude with frequency than predicted by the theoretical calculation, possibly due to the finite diameter of the particles versus the point source assumption in the calculation. The dependence of the heterodyne signal on particle size was not treated due to expected complexity.
1:Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study involves the theoretical calculation of the photoacoustic effect for a single chromophore absorbing two laser beams modulated at two different frequencies and corresponding experiments with carbon particles of different sizes.
2:Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Carbon powders dispersed in agarose gel were used as samples to avoid precipitation of particulates during measurements.
3:List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Two laser beams (532 nm and 488 nm), acousto-optic modulator, electro-optic modulator, function generators, photoacoustic cell made from a cylindrical PZT cylinder, high input impedance preamplifier, lock-in amplifier, rf mixer, and low pass filter.
4:Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The two laser beams were amplitude modulated, combined to be colinear, and directed into the photoacoustic cell. The modulation frequencies were changed simultaneously to measure the photoacoustic amplitude as a function of frequency.
5:Data Analysis Methods:
The photoacoustic signal was analyzed using a lock-in amplifier set at a time constant of 300 ms and a slope of 12 dB/octave.
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acousto-optic modulator
304A
Coherent Inc.
Modulating the 532 nm laser beam.
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mixed gas Ar-Kr ion laser
Innova 70c spectrum
Coherent
Generating 488 nm laser beam for excitation.
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function generator
33250A
Agilent
Controlling the modulators.
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lock-in amplifier
SR844
Stanford Research Inc.
Detecting the photoacoustic signal at the difference frequency of the two modulators.
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frequency doubled Nd:YAG laser
Verdi
Coherent Inc.
Generating 532 nm laser output for excitation.
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electro-optic modulator
380
Conoptics
Modulating the 488 nm laser beam.
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cylindrical PZT cylinder
Steminc-piezo, Inc.
Photoacoustic cell for detecting the photoacoustic effect.
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high input impedance preamplifier
PR-E3-SMA
Stahl Electronics
Amplifying the voltage generated across the wall of piezo cylinder.
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rf mixer
ADL5391
Analog Devices Inc.
Generating the frequency for the lock-in amplifier reference.
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low pass filter
Passing only the difference frequency.
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