研究目的
To demonstrate a compact and low-cost signal source for terahertz systems that can be used for remote sensing, advanced imaging, ranging, spectroscopy, and communication.
研究成果
The compactness of terahertz sources using an oscillator and higher conversion efficiency of reactive harmonic generation are exploited to demonstrate a 610-GHz source in 65-nm CMOS. The source delivers a measured peak radiating power of ?25.2 dBm, with a frequency tuning range of 604.5–618.6 GHz (or 2.3%), a 3-dB tuning bandwidth of 1.2%, and a dc-THz efficiency of 0.01% and 0.013% when the pMOS current source power consumption is included and excluded, respectively. The chip core area is 0.62 mm × 0.39 mm excluding the area of bond pads.
研究不足
The dc-to-THz conversion efficiency is relatively low (0.01% and 0.013% when the pMOS current source power consumption is included and excluded, respectively). The use of technologies with higher fmax transistors and a broader band antenna could improve performance.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The design utilizes a fourth harmonic signal reactively generated in a VCO using differentially pumped varactors. The nonlinear C?V characteristics of accumulation mode varactor pair are used to generate the harmonic power. A technique to boost the varactor Q and dynamic cut-off frequency is employed to increase the harmonic power.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
The circuit is fabricated in 65-nm CMOS technology.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
The setup includes a VDI WR1.5 zero-biased detector (ZBD) with a WR1.5 open waveguide as the receiving antenna, a low noise amplifier SR560, a lock-in amplifier (SR810), and an Agilent N9030A for frequency measurements.
4：5 zero-biased detector (ZBD) with a WR5 open waveguide as the receiving antenna, a low noise amplifier SR560, a lock-in amplifier (SR810), and an Agilent N9030A for frequency measurements.
Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
4. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow: The radiated power is measured using the ZBD detector, with the output amplified and fed to a lock-in amplifier. A 16-Hz oscillator is used to AM modulate the THz source and provide the reference signal for the lock-in amplifier.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
The output power and frequency are measured and analyzed to determine the performance of the source.
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