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Tapered ultra-high numerical aperture optical fiber tip for nitrogen vacancy ensembles based endoscope in a fluidic environment

DOI:10.1063/1.5140785 期刊:Applied Physics Letters 出版年份:2020 更新时间:2025-09-23 15:19:57
摘要: Fixing a diamond containing a high density of Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) center ensembles on the apex of a multimode optical fiber (MMF) extends the applications of NV-based endoscope sensors. Replacing the normal MMF with a tapered MMF (MMF-taper) has enhanced the fluorescence (FL) collection efficiency from the diamond and achieved a high spatial resolution NV-based endoscope. The MMF-taper’s high FL collection efficiency is the direct result of multiple internal reflections in the tapered region caused by silica, which has a higher refractive index (RI) than the surrounding air. However, for applications involving fluidic environments whose RI is close to or higher than that of the silica, the MMF-taper loses its FL collection significantly. Here, to overcome this challenge and achieve a high spatial resolution NV-based endoscope in a fluidic environment, we conceptually proposed a tapered ultra-high numerical aperture microstructured optical fiber (MOF) whose air capillaries at the tapered end are sealed. Since the end-sealed air capillaries along the tapered MOF (MOF-taper) have isolated the MOF core from the surrounding medium, the core retains its high FL collection and NV excitation efficiency in liquids regardless of their RI values. Replacing the MMF-taper with the MOF-taper will achieve a versatile NV-based endoscope that could potentially find widespread applications in fluidic environments where many biological processes and chemical reactions occur.
作者: Dewen Duan,Gopalakrishnan Balasubramanian,Vinaya Kumar Kavatamane,Sri Ranjini Arumugam,Yan-Kai Tzeng,Huan-Cheng Chang
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To overcome the challenge of achieving a high spatial resolution NV-based endoscope in a fluidic environment by proposing a tapered ultra-high numerical aperture microstructured optical fiber (MOF) whose air capillaries at the tapered end are sealed.

The conceptually proposed ultra-high NA MOF-taper for the NV-based endoscope holds a relatively high fluorescence collection efficiency in liquids with any refractive index values. It demonstrated superior performance in immersion oil with a RI value as high as n = 1.51, suggesting potential applications in fluid samples relevant in chemical and biological studies.

The sealing process employed in this work produces a relatively long sealed region, which partly ruins the ultra-high NA of the MOF-taper or MOF, leading to reduced FL collection and NV excitation efficiency. Advanced sealing techniques are recommended to achieve shorter sealed regions.

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