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Revealing Dusty Supernovae in High-redshift (Ultra)Luminous Infrared Galaxies through Near-infrared Integrated Light Variability

DOI:10.3847/1538-4357/aadf38 期刊:The Astrophysical Journal 出版年份:2018 更新时间:2025-09-23 15:21:01
摘要: Luminous and ultra-luminous infrared galaxies ((U)LIRGs) are rare today but are increasingly abundant at high redshifts. They are believed to be dusty starbursts, and hence should have high rates of supernovae (multiple events per year). Due to their extremely dusty environment, however, such supernovae could only be detected in rest-frame infrared and longer wavelengths, where our current facilities lack the capability of finding them individually beyond the local universe. We propose a new technique for higher redshifts, which is to search for the presence of supernovae through the variability of the integrated rest-frame infrared light of the entire hosts. We present a pilot study to assess the feasibility of this technique. We exploit a unique region, the "IRAC Dark Field" (IDF), that the Spitzer Space Telescope has observed for more than 14 years in 3–5 μm. The IDF also has deep far-infrared data (200–550 μm) from the Herschel Space Observatory that allow us to select high-redshift (U)LIRGs. We obtain a sample of (U)LIRGs that have secure optical counterparts, and examine their light curves in 3–5 μm. While the variabilities could also be caused by AGNs, we show that such contaminations can be identified. We present two cases where the distinct features in their light curves are consistent with multiple supernovae overlapping in time. Searching for supernovae this way will be relevant to the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) to probe high-redshift (U)LIRGs into their nuclear regions where JWST will be limited by its resolution.
作者: Haojing Yan,Zhiyuan Ma,John F. Beacom,James Runge
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To propose and assess a new technique for detecting supernovae in high-redshift (U)LIRGs through the variability of the integrated rest-frame infrared light of the entire hosts.

The study demonstrates the feasibility of detecting supernovae in high-redshift (U)LIRGs through the variability of the integrated rest-frame infrared light. Two cases are presented where the light curve features are consistent with multiple supernovae overlapping in time. The technique will be relevant for future observations with the James Webb Space Telescope, especially for probing nuclear regions of high-redshift (U)LIRGs where resolution is limited.

The study is limited by the current facilities' capability to detect supernovae individually beyond the local universe in rest-frame infrared and longer wavelengths. The technique proposed relies on the variability of the integrated light, which may not provide detailed properties of individual supernovae.

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