研究目的
Investigating the use of 4-pulse amplitude modulation (4-PAM) technique to modulate ambient backscattered FM signals for low-power, spectrally efficient wireless communication applications.
研究成果
The paper demonstrates a novel wireless tag utilizing 4-PAM modulation on ambient FM signals for low-power, spectrally efficient communication. The prototype achieved a bit rate of 345 b/s with a power consumption of 27 μW, showing potential for IoT and wireless sensor network applications. Future work includes optimizing the system for higher data rates and longer communication ranges.
研究不足
The system operates at a low bit rate of 345 b/s, which may not be sufficient for high-data-rate applications. The tag-to-reader distance was limited to 1 m in the tested scenario.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection
The methodology involves designing a wireless tag that utilizes 4-PAM modulation on ambient FM signals. The tag includes an RF front-end with a single transistor controlled by an ultralow-power microcontroller, which also houses an ADC for sensing and a DAC for RF front-end control.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources
The proof-of-concept prototype was tested in an indoor environment using a real FM station located 34.5 km away. The tag-to-reader distance was tested at 1 m.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials
The tag consists of an 8-bit PIC16LF1459 microcontroller from Microchip Inc., an ATF52189 E-pHEMT RF transistor from Broadcom, and an SRH788 monopole antenna. The receiver is a low-cost RTL SDR connected to a telescopic monopole antenna.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow
The tag was programmed to send a fixed bit-stream packet format. The symbol duration was fixed at 5.8 ms, resulting in a bit rate of 345 b/s. The system was tested for different transmit power levels and tag-to-reader distances to evaluate BER performance.
5：Data Analysis Methods
The BER was calculated based on the received packets. Theoretical BER results were compared with measurements to validate the system's performance.
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