1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

BaTiO3 powders were synthesized by a solid-state method modified with two deagglomeration methods, ultrasonic and mechanochemical deagglomeration methods.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

BaCO3 and TiO2 (Merck, 99.9%) were used as starting materials.

3：9%) were used as starting materials. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: Ultrasonic processor with 7 mm titanium probe (Hielscher Ultrasonics GmbH, Deutschland), shaker (Edmund Bühler, Deutschland), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) (Shimadzu, IRAffinity-1S, Japon), X-ray diffractometer (Rigaku, Smartlab, Japan), electron microscope (SEM) (JEOL, JSM 5500LV, Japan), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) (Oxford, INCAx-act, England).

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

Homogenization using ultrasonic processor for 5 min in 30 ml acetone and using shaker for 12 h in 20 ml acetone. The mixed powders were dried at 110°C and calcined at 1100°C for 4 h. The powders were pressed into pellets and sintered at 1400°C for 8 h.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

FT-IR and XRD were used to verify the structure of the samples. SEM and EDX were used to analyze the surface morphology and composition of the ceramic powders and pellets.