研究目的
To achieve independent control of harmonic amplitudes and phases via a time-domain digital coding metasurface for applications in wireless communications, radar detection, and biological monitoring.
研究成果
The study successfully demonstrated a scheme to achieve individual control of the amplitude and phase for harmonics via a reflective time-domain digital coding metasurface. This approach enables efficient harmonic control for applications in communications, radar, and related areas, with potential for extension to higher frequency regimes.
研究不足
The study was experimentally confirmed at microwave frequencies, and its extension to THz and light regimes would require advanced modulation technologies. Additionally, the transmission type metasurface was not explored in this work.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study involved designing a reflective time-domain digital coding metasurface with each unit loaded with varactor diodes to tailor the phase response. The metasurface was fabricated using standard PCB technology and characterized using horn antennas, a microwave signal generator, and a spectrum analyzer.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
The sample consisted of a metasurface with 7×8 elements, fabricated using standard PCB technology. Data was collected using a spectrum analyzer and a software-defined radio reconfigurable device.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
The equipment included a FPGA controller, a digital-analog conversion (DAC) module, an analog amplifier module, horn antennas, a microwave signal generator, and a spectrum analyzer. Materials included varactor diodes (SMV-2019, Skyworks, Inc.) and a substrate (F4B) with specific dielectric properties.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The reflection coefficient of the metasurface was dynamically modulated in a predefined way to observe the conversion rate from the carrier signal to harmonic components. The harmonic intensities and phases were measured and analyzed.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
The harmonic intensities were directly measured using a spectrum analyzer, and the harmonic phases were obtained through Fast Fourier Transformation of the echo signal recorded by a software-defined radio reconfigurable device.
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varactor diode
SMV-2019
Skyworks, Inc.
Used to tailor the phase response of the meta-atom by tuning the biasing voltage.
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substrate
F4B
Used as the base material for the metasurface with specific dielectric properties.
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FPGA controller
NI Corp.
Used to generate the desired control signal level for the metasurface.
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DAC module
Used in conjunction with the FPGA controller to ensure high output swing for the varactor diodes.
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analog amplifier module
Used to amplify the control signals for the varactor diodes.
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horn antenna
Used to illuminate the sample and receive the reflected signal.
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microwave signal generator
Used to generate the microwave signal for the experiment.
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spectrum analyzer
Used to monitor the nonlinear properties of the metasurface over a broad spectrum.
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software-defined radio reconfigurable device
USRP-2943
National Instruments Corp.
Used to record the echo signal from the metasurface for harmonic phase analysis.
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