研究目的
To minimize the dead time necessary for the operation of a single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) for demanding single-photon applications, including airborne light detection and ranging (LIDAR) systems.
研究成果
The AQC can operate a thin SPAD with a dead time as low as 6.2 ns, with an afterpulsing probability in the percent range, and is also compatible with SPADs requiring high excess bias, such as the RE-SPAD, which can be operated with a dead time down to 10 ns.
研究不足
The afterpulsing probability of the RE-SPAD increases steeply when the dead time is reduced below 14 ns, peaking at 42% when operated at 10 ns, which is too high for most applications.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The AQC was designed using a high-voltage
2：18 μm CMOS technology to drive custom-technology SPADs with minimal dead time. Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Thin and red-enhanced SPADs were used for experimental characterization.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
A fast oscilloscope (Tektronix TDS7404B) was used to read the waveform of the anode voltage Va.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The AQC and SPAD were mounted on a PCB, and the waveform of the anode voltage Va was recorded under dark conditions with an excess bias Vex = 5 V.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
The afterpulsing probability was characterized by calculating the autocorrelation function (ACF) of the data stream composed by the arrival times of each pulse.
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