摘要： PURPOSE. To assess diagnostic accuracy of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) to discriminate glaucoma and control subjects in an elderly population. METHODS. The antioxidants, essential lipids, nutrition and ocular maladies study (ALIENOR: ‘‘Antioxydants, Lipides Essentiels, Nutrition et Maladies Oculaires’’) is a population-based study. From 2009 to 2010, a total of 624 subjects, aged 74 years or older underwent a complete eye examination, including optic disc color photography and SD-OCT examination of the macula and the optic nerve head. Glaucoma diagnosis was made using retinophotography of the optic nerve head and International Society for Epidemiologic and Geographical Ophthalmology criteria. Average and sectorial peripapillary retinal nerve ?ber layer thicknesses (RNFLT) were compared between glaucoma and control subjects using area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC), positive and negative likelihood ratios (LRt/LR(cid:2)), and diagnostic odds ratios (DOR). RESULTS. A total of 532 subjects had complete data, 492 were classi?ed as controls and 40 were classi?ed as glaucoma. Mean age was 82.1 6 4.2 years and average RNFLT was signi?cantly different between both groups (controls: 88.7 6 12.2 lm, glaucoma: 65.4 6 14.4 lm, P < 0.001). Highest AUC values were observed for average (0.895), temporal-inferior (0.874), and temporal-superior (0.868) RNFLT. Temporal-superior RNFLT had the highest DOR (25.31; LRt, 4.65; LR(cid:2), 0.18), followed by average RNFLT (DOR: 24.80; LRt, 6.36; LR(cid:2), 0.26). When using the normative database provided by the machine, DOR increased to 31.03 (LRt, 1.75; LR(cid:2), 0.06) if at least one parameter was considered abnormal (at P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS. Parameters of SD-OCT RNFL may provide valuable information in a screening strategy to improve glaucoma detection in a general population of elderly people.