研究目的
Investigating the role of Sm content without lone pair electrons substituted for isovalent Bi on the electrical properties of non-stoichiometric (Bi0.45Ca0.04)Na0.5TiO2.965 (BCNT).
研究成果
The study concludes that Sm doping in BCNT facilitates a transformation from resistive to ionic conductive behavior, with the dielectric permittivity being depressed at high frequencies. The shrinkage of cell parameters and lone pair substitution are proposed as reasons for the anomalous dielectric relaxation.
研究不足
The study is limited to the effects of Sm doping on the electrical properties of BCNT and does not explore other dopants or compositions. The experimental conditions are also specific to the materials and methods used.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study involves the preparation of polycrystalline (Bi0.45-xSmxCa0.04)Na0.5TiO2.965 (BSCNT, x = 0, 0.005, 0.01, and 0.015) using a conventional solid-state reaction method. The electrical properties and conduction mechanism are studied by impedance spectroscopy and dielectric performances.
2：45-xSmxCa04)Na5TiO965 (BSCNT, x = 0, 005, 01, and 015) using a conventional solid-state reaction method. The electrical properties and conduction mechanism are studied by impedance spectroscopy and dielectric performances.
Sample Selection and Data Sources:
2. Sample Selection and Data Sources: High purity Bi2O3, Sm2O3, CaCO3, Na2CO3, and TiO2 are used as raw powders.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
X-ray powder diffraction (XRD; D8 Advance, Bruker, Germany), scanning electron microscope (SEM; JEOL6700F, Tokyo, Japan), frequency response analyzer (CH660, Chenhua, Shanghai, China), precision impedance analyzer (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA).
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The powders were mixed by ball milling, calcined, remilled, pressed into pellets, sintered, and then coated with gold electrodes for electric test.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
The impedance data was collected by Z-viewer software, and the dielectric properties were measured by 4294A associated with temperature controller.
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