研究目的
To propose an end-to-end architecture for biometric authentication using PPG biosensors through Convolutional Networks and evaluate its performance in two different databases: Troika and PulseID.
研究成果
The proposed end-to-end authentication approach and automatic learned biomarkers show a remarkable potential as an authentication biometric method. The system achieves AUCs ranging from 78.2% to 86.4% on PulseID and 73.8% to 83.2% on Troika, demonstrating its viability for continuous authentication in real-world scenarios.
研究不足
The study notes that further research is necessary to account for and understand sources of variability found in some subjects. The performance degradation in Troika compared to PulseID suggests challenges due to motion artifacts.
1:Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study employs a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture for end-to-end user verification using raw PPG signals. The CNN architecture includes three parallel 1-D convolutional layers followed by a global max-pooling operation and a dense neural net for classification.
2:Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Two datasets are used: PulseID, collected in a quiet office environment, and Troika, collected from subjects on a treadmill. PulseID includes 43 subjects, and Troika includes 20 subjects.
3:List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
A pulse sensor with a green LED and a photo-detector, a Raspberry Pi 3 board, and an analog to digital converter (ADC) MCP3008 are used for data acquisition.
4:Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
PPG signals are sampled at 200 Hz for PulseID and 125 Hz for Troika. The signals are segmented into chunks of 1, 2, or 3 seconds for training and testing.
5:Data Analysis Methods:
The performance is evaluated using AUC (Area Under the Curve) for validation, develop, and test sets. The network is trained using Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) with binary cross-entropy as a loss function.
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