研究目的
To enhance fouling resistance during olive mill wastewater treatment using a photoactive gel on polyethylene membranes.
研究成果
The dual responsive LBL complex effectively reduced fouling and flux decline during microfiltration of olive mill wastewater, particularly at pH 4.6 under UV irradiation. The photoactive gel enabled self-cleaning through repulsive forces and photodegradation, eliminating the need for harsh chemical cleaning. pH switches allowed for easy membrane regeneration, maintaining integrity and achieving high water recovery.
研究不足
The study is limited to specific pH conditions (2.2 and 4.6) and a six-hour operational period. The use of UV light may not be feasible in all environments, and the stability of the LBL complex could be affected by prolonged exposure or varying wastewater compositions. The research focuses on olive mill wastewater and may not generalize to other types of wastewater.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
A layer-by-layer (LBL) approach was used to deposit a hybrid complex of TiO2 nanoparticles, polyacrylic acid (PAA), and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) onto polyethylene hollow fiber membranes. The design aimed to create pH and light-responsive surfaces for self-cleaning during microfiltration.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Commercial polyethylene hollow fiber membranes (pore size 0.4 μm) were used. Olive mill wastewater (OMW) was sourced from an industry in Calabria, Italy, and pre-treated by centrifugation.
3：4 μm) were used. Olive mill wastewater (OMW) was sourced from an industry in Calabria, Italy, and pre-treated by centrifugation. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: Equipment included SEM (Quanta 200, FEI Company), ATR spectrometer (Spectrum One System, Perkin-Elmer), contact angle measurer (CAM200, KSV instrument), rheometer (Brookfield DV III ULTRA), UV lamp (250 W high-pressure Hg lamp), and submerged microfiltration modules. Materials included TiO2 nanoparticles (Sigma Aldrich), PAA (Sigma Aldrich), PDDA (Sigma Aldrich), glycerol, diiodomethane, and OMW.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Membranes were functionalized via LBL deposition (15 cycles), cross-linked at pH 1.0 and annealed. Batch experiments involved incubating membranes in OMW at pH 2.2 and 4.6 with and without UV irradiation. Submerged microfiltration tests were conducted for 6 hours at 20°C with transmembrane pressures of 10-60 kPa under UV light.
5：0 and annealed. Batch experiments involved incubating membranes in OMW at pH 2 and 6 with and without UV irradiation. Submerged microfiltration tests were conducted for 6 hours at 20°C with transmembrane pressures of 10-60 kPa under UV light. Data Analysis Methods:
5. Data Analysis Methods: Flux was measured and relative flux, membrane resistance, and flux decline were calculated using specified equations. Surface free energy components were analyzed using contact angle measurements and Good and van Oss approach. SEM and ATR spectroscopy were used for morphological and chemical analysis.
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Scanning Electron Microscope
Quanta 200
FEI Company
Investigation of membrane morphology
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ATR Spectrometer
Spectrum One System
Perkin-Elmer Instruments
Collection of ATR spectra for chemical analysis
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Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles
99%
Sigma Aldrich Srl
Photocatalytic component in the LBL complex
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Polyacrylic Acid
Average Mw = 250,000
Sigma Aldrich Srl
Polyelectrolyte in the LBL complex
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Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)
Average Mw = 400,000–500,000
Sigma Aldrich Srl
Polyelectrolyte in the LBL complex
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Contact Angle Measurer
CAM200
KSV instrument LTD
Measurement of static contact angles
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Rheometer
DV III ULTRA
Brookfield
Measurement of viscosity
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UV Lamp
250 W high-pressure Hg lamp
Providing UV irradiation for photocatalytic tests
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Polyethylene Hollow Fiber Membranes
Pore size 0.4 μm, internal/external diameters 0.41/0.65 mm
Econity
Base membrane for functionalization and microfiltration
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