研究目的
To develop a highly selective and sensitive fluorescent nanoprobe based on phenanthroline-derivative functionalized carbon dots for the detection of Cu2+ and S2? ions in biological and environmental applications.
研究成果
The FCD nanoprobe demonstrates high selectivity and sensitivity for Cu2+ and S2? detection with low detection limits (40.1 nM for Cu2+, 88.9 nM for S2?), excellent photostability, and applicability in live cell imaging, showing promise for biological and environmental monitoring.
研究不足
The study may have limitations in real-sample complexity, potential interference from other ions not fully tested, and the need for further validation in diverse biological systems. Optimization could include broader pH ranges and long-term stability in vivo.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study involved synthesizing carbon dots (CDs) via a hydrothermal method and functionalizing them with (2,3-f)-pyrazino(1,10)phenanthroline-2,3-dicarboxylic acid (PPDA) to create FCDs. Fluorescence spectrometry was used for detection based on inner filter effect mechanisms.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Metal ions (Cu2+, Zn2+, Na+, Fe3+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Co2+, Cd2+) and anions (F?, Cl?, HCO3?, SO42?, NO3?, CO32?, HPO42?, S2?) were used as analytes. HeLa cells were used for bioimaging experiments.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Materials included citric acid, ethylenediamine, PPDA, NHS, EDC, HEPES buffer, metal and anion salts, DMSO, and HeLa cells. Equipment included a Tecnai G2 F20 TEM, Perkin-Elmer-Lambda 900 spectrometer, FluoroMax-P spectrophotometer, Prestige IR21 FTIR spectrometer, and Olympus FV1000-IX81 laser confocal microscope.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
CDs were synthesized hydrothermally, functionalized with PPDA via EDC/NHS coupling, and characterized. Fluorescence titrations were performed by adding analytes to FCD solutions in HEPES buffer. Cell imaging involved incubating HeLa cells with FCDs, treating with Cu2+ or S2?, and observing under a confocal microscope.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Detection limits were calculated using LOD = 3SB/S, where SB is standard error of blank and S is slope of calibration curve. Selectivity was assessed by comparing fluorescence responses to various ions.
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