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Suppression of crystallization in ZBLAN glass by rapid heating and cooling processing

DOI:10.1111/ijag.13096 期刊:International Journal of Applied Glass Science 出版年份:2018 更新时间:2025-09-23 15:23:52
摘要: ZBLAN glass is a heavy metal fluoride glass that tends to undergo heavy devitrification, resulting in a crystalline material. It has many applications, including its use as an optical waveguide for fibre optic technology. However, when the glass is processed with traditional casting techniques, crystallites form readily that act as scattering centres, which results in large attenuation losses. In this study, it has been experimentally demonstrated that processing ZBLAN rapidly with a heating rate of 25,000 K/min and cooling rate of 4,000 K/min yields test samples that are fully amorphous and retain a disordered molecular arrangement characteristic of its molten state. This novel method was developed using a specifically designed equipment named a Rapid Electro-thermal Processing Device, or “REPD”. The REPD applies ohmic heating and thermal conduction to a heat sink to rapidly process the ZBLAN material. The absence of crystallites in the rapidly processed ZBLAN test samples were verified using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. Applying a theoretical algorithm, the critical cooling rate for yielding fully amorphous ZBLAN glass was determined to be 1081 K/min for a sample volume of 9.4 x 10-8 m3.
作者: Teng-Cheong Ong,Ben Fogarty,Ted Steinberg,Esa Jaatinen,John Bell
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To explore a unique processing technique that rapidly heats and cools ZBLAN material with the objective of creating a test sample that is free of micro and nano-crystal inclusions, thereby suppressing crystallization and enhancing its optical properties for fiber optic applications.

Rapid processing of ZBLAN glass with heating and cooling rates of 25,000 K/min and 4,000 K/min successfully suppresses crystallization, yielding fully amorphous samples as verified by TEM. The theoretical critical cooling rate is 1081 K/min for the sample volume used. This method enhances the glass-forming ability of ZBLAN, potentially enabling its use in low-attenuation optical fibers. Future work should focus on scaling up sample sizes and studying long-term stability.

The theoretical model only considers homogeneous nucleation, ignoring heterogeneous nucleation effects which dominate in real scenarios. The sample size is small (100 mg), limiting scalability to larger preforms for optical fibers. The REPD's cooling rate reproducibility has a coefficient of variation of 10%, indicating potential inconsistencies. Aging effects of the amorphous state were not investigated.

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