1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study involved synthesizing a g-C3N4@CuO nanocomposite catalyst and evaluating its photocatalytic activity for alcohol oxidation under visible light. The design rationale was to create a heterogeneous catalyst that is efficient, reusable, and environmentally benign. Theoretical models included semiconductor photocatalysis principles to explain charge separation and oxidation mechanisms.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Urea and cupric acetate were used as precursors for catalyst synthesis. Various alcohols (primary and secondary) were selected as substrates for oxidation reactions, obtained from commercial sources like Alfa Aesar.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Equipment included a Bruker AXS D8 Diffractometer for XRD, Shimadzu IR prestige-21 FTIR spectrophotometer, JESCO750 spectrophotometer for UV-Vis, Fluoromax-4 spectrofluorometer for PL, Thermo Electron IRIS INTERPID II XSP DUO for ICP-AES, BRUKER AVANCE II 400 MHz spectrometer for NMR, Quanta 200 FEG Scanning electron microscope for SEM-EDX, Jeol/JEM 2100 TEM, PHI 5000 Versa Prob II XPS, and BET surface area analyzer. Materials included urea (Merck), cupric acetate (Loba Chemie), TBHP (Merck), alcohols (Alfa Aesar), solvents like water and acetonitrile, and silica gel for chromatography.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

The catalyst was prepared by grinding urea with cupric acetate and heating at 400°C for 1 hour. Photocatalytic experiments involved mixing alcohol, catalyst, oxidant (TBHP), and solvent in a round-bottomed flask, stirring under visible light from a 100W LED light, monitoring by TLC, recovering catalyst by filtration, extracting products with ethyl acetate, drying, and purifying by column chromatography.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

Characterization data (XRD, FTIR, UV-Vis, PL, SEM-EDX, TEM, XPS, BET, ICP-AES) were analyzed to confirm catalyst properties. Reaction yields were determined by isolation and NMR, with turnover numbers (TON) and frequencies (TOF) calculated. Statistical comparisons were made with literature reports.