1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study involved blending aqueous suspensions of CNCs with PEDOT:PSS to form nanocomposite films via drop-casting and spin-coating methods, followed by characterization using various techniques to analyze morphology, structure, and electrical properties.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

CNCs were sourced from Innotech Alberta (H2SO4 hydrolyzed from wood pulp), and PEDOT:PSS was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Solutions were prepared with different weight ratios of CNC to PEDOT:PSS.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Equipment included an ultrasonic processor (Ultrasonics FS-450N), FESEM (Zeiss Sigma), AFM (Bruker Dimension Edge), DLS (Malvern Nano-ZS), MASLS (Brookhaven BI-200SM), XRD (Bruker D8), four-point probe (Lucas Pro4 4000), FTIR (Agilent FTS7000), Raman spectrometer (Nicolet Omega XR), UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer Lambda 1050), ellipsometer (Gaertner L115S), and oxygen plasma etcher (Oxford NGP80). Materials included CNCs, PEDOT:PSS, DI water, glass substrates, acetone, isopropanol.

4：0). Materials included CNCs, PEDOT:

4. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow: CNCs were dispersed in DI water using ultrasonication, mixed with PEDOT:PSS solutions, stirred, and ultrasonicated. Films were cast on cleaned glass substrates via drop-casting for thick films and spin-coating for thin films, followed by solvent evaporation. Characterization involved electron microscopy, AFM, light scattering, XRD, electrical conductivity measurements, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, and UV-Vis spectroscopy.

5：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

5. Data Analysis Methods: Data were analyzed using software such as Malvern nanosizer for DLS, and standard equations for conductivity calculation (σ = 1 / (RS × t)). Statistical analysis included measurement of particle size distributions, XRD peak analysis, and spectral interpretations.