1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study involved constructing and cracking five masonry walls in a laboratory setting, using settlement as the cracking mechanism. Photogrammetry was used to capture the state of the walls before and after cracking, and distinct element modeling (DEM) was employed to simulate various loading conditions, including the actual experimental load and other scenarios (wide, deep, different). A combined qualitative and quantitative method was used to compare crack patterns from simulations and experiments.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Five single-leaf masonry test walls were built using bricks without mortar, with specific dimensions and density. Settlement was applied using a manual jack to induce cracking, with different settlement types (local and global) to examine various crack patterns.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Equipment included a manual jack (OrionMotorTech Dilated Scissor Lift jack), Nikon D90 camera for photogrammetry, bricks with specified dimensions and density, cinder blocks as a fixed base, and software such as AgiSoft Photoscan, Rhino, and 3DEC for modeling and simulation.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

Walls were constructed, settled to induce cracking, and documented with photogrammetry before and after damage. Images were taken with high overlap, and 3D models were generated. Computational models were created in Rhino and simulated in 3DEC under different loading conditions. Crack widths were calculated from simulation data using a custom method, and comparisons were made using subsampling and metrics like fractional distance.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

Data analysis involved calculating crack widths from photogrammetry and simulation outputs, using linear regression (slope, intercept, R2) and fractional distance to compare experimental and numerical results. A sensitivity analysis was performed on input parameters like density, stiffness, and friction angle.