1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study uses a one-step electrospinning method to fabricate PAN/pitch-based carbon nanofibers with ZnO composites. The rationale is to combine the high conductivity and low cost of pitch with the photocatalytic properties of ZnO to enhance visible-light activity. Theoretical models include the synergistic effect between CNFs and ZnO for charge separation and adsorption.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Samples are prepared with varying PAN/pitch weight ratios (e.g., 70/30 wt%) and ZnO content. Methylene blue (MB) is used as the model organic pollutant for degradation tests.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Materials include PAN (M.W = 160,000), petroleum pitch from Hanwha Chemical Co., zinc acetate, tetrahydrofuran (THF), N,N′-dimethylformamide (DMF), and MB from Aldrich. Equipment includes an electrospinning machine (NTPS-35 K, NTSEE Co.), FE-SEM (Hitachi S-4700), TEM (Tecnai-F20), XPS (VG Scientific ESCALAB 250), BET analyzer, PL spectrometer (SPEX1403), UV-vis spectrophotometer (Shimadzu 160-A), and a 13 W fluorescent lamp (FRX 13EXD).

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

Solutions are prepared by mixing PAN, pitch, and zinc acetate in DMF/THF, stirred at 80°C for 4h. Electrospinning is performed, followed by stabilization at 280°C in air for 1h and carbonization at 800°C in inert atmosphere for 1h. Photocatalytic tests involve dispersing 0.1g catalyst in 100mL of 15ppm MB solution under visible-light irradiation, with concentration measured every 30min using UV-vis spectroscopy.

5：4h. Electrospinning is performed, followed by stabilization at 280°C in air for 1h and carbonization at 800°C in inert atmosphere for 1h. Photocatalytic tests involve dispersing 1g catalyst in 100mL of 15ppm MB solution under visible-light irradiation, with concentration measured every 30min using UV-vis spectroscopy. Data Analysis Methods:

5. Data Analysis Methods: Data analysis includes kinetic rate constant calculation for pseudo-first-order reactions, specific surface area measurement via BET, and characterization using SEM, TEM, XPS, PL, and EDS to assess morphology, composition, and photocatalytic efficiency.