研究目的
To demonstrate the complementary use of Superb Microvascular Imaging (SMI) compared to conventional Doppler ultrasound for characterizing placental microvascular patterns without the need for contrast agents during pregnancy.
研究成果
SMI provides novel opportunities for noninvasive characterization of placental vascularization during pregnancy, improving detection of low-velocity flow compared to conventional Doppler ultrasound without contrast agents. It has potential diagnostic benefits for placental abnormalities, but further technological advancements and validation studies are needed to establish its clinical utility and impact on pregnancy outcomes.
研究不足
The study is a pictorial essay with a small sample size (6 cases), limiting generalizability. It relies on qualitative assessment without quantitative metrics. Motion artifacts may affect image quality, and the technology is sensitive to operator technique. Future improvements could include 3D volume imaging and validation studies for clinical impact.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study used a pictorial essay approach to document experiences with SMI technology in pregnancies, comparing it to conventional Doppler ultrasound methods. SMI was employed for its clutter suppression capabilities to extract flow signals at high frame rates.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Pregnant women with suspected normal anterior placentas or placental abnormalities (e.g., morbidly adherent placentas, placental tumors) receiving care at Texas Children’s Pavilion for Women from July to December 2017 were invited to participate based on convenience sampling under informed consent. Data included maternal delivery mode, perinatal complications, placental findings from pathologic reports, and neonatal gestational age and birth weight.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
A convex i8CX1 ultrasound transducer with SMI capabilities (Aplio i800; Canon Medical Systems) was used. Imaging modalities included color Doppler ultrasound, directional power Doppler ultrasound, and two SMI modes (color-coded SMI and monochrome SMI).
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Patients were scanned in sagittal and transverse planes with a partially filled maternal bladder. Ultrasound settings (e.g., velocity scale, gain) were optimized for placental vasculature. Images were obtained and compared between conventional Doppler and SMI modes, with frame rates recorded (SMI ~50 fps, color Doppler ~10 fps). Qualitative assessment of placental microvascular findings was performed by maternal-fetal medicine physicians, with postnatal confirmation by a placental pathologist.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Qualitative analysis was conducted to describe the degree of vascular detail and vessel patterns. No specific statistical techniques or software tools were mentioned for data analysis.
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