研究目的
To improve the piezoelectric properties and temperature stability of Bi4Ti3O12 (BIT) ceramics for high-temperature applications by using W/Nb substitution to induce structure distortion, relieve tetragonal strain, and decrease oxygen vacancy concentration.
研究成果
W/Nb substitution in BIT ceramics enhances piezoelectric properties and temperature stability by inducing structure distortion, reducing tetragonal strain, and decreasing oxygen vacancies. The optimized composition (x=0.01) shows a high d33 of 32 pC/N, Tc of 655°C, and excellent resistivity and sensor stability up to 600°C, making it suitable for high-temperature applications.
研究不足
The study focuses on W/Nb substitution in BIT ceramics; other dopants or methods were not explored. The temperature stability is evaluated up to 600°C, which may not cover all high-temperature scenarios. The sensor testing is limited to compression-mode accelerometers.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
Samples with compositions of Bi4Ti3-2xWxNbxO12 (x = 0.00, 0.005, 0.010, 0.020, 0.030) were prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction method. The rationale was to investigate the effects of W/Nb substitution on structure, dielectric properties, DC resistivity, and piezoelectric properties.
2：00, 005, 010, 020, 030) were prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction method. The rationale was to investigate the effects of W/Nb substitution on structure, dielectric properties, DC resistivity, and piezoelectric properties. Sample Selection and Data Sources:
2. Sample Selection and Data Sources: Raw materials included Bi2O3 (99.90%), TiO2 (99.22%), WO3 (99.00%), and Nb2O5 (99.90%). Powders were planetary-ball-milled, calcined, pressed into disks, sintered, and coated with platinum paste for electrical characterizations.
3：90%), TiO2 (22%), WO3 (00%), and Nb2O5 (90%). Powders were planetary-ball-milled, calcined, pressed into disks, sintered, and coated with platinum paste for electrical characterizations. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: Equipment used: Bruker D8 ADVANCE X-ray diffractometer, SEM (Hitachi), Jobin-Yvon micro-Raman spectrometer (LabRAW HR 800 UV), high-resistance measurement system (Model HRMS-900), LCR meter (Model E4980 A), d33 meter (Model ZJ-3), PCB 9155D piezoelectric accelerometer calibration system. Materials: Reagent-grade metal oxides as specified.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Powders were weighed, ball-milled, dried, calcined at 850°C, reground, granulated with polyvinyl alcohol, pressed into disks, sintered at 1080–1140°C, coated with platinum, polarized under DC field, and characterized for structure, dielectric properties, resistivity, piezoelectric constants, and sensor performance.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
XRD patterns analyzed for phase structure, Rietveld refinements with TOPAS software, Raman spectra fitted with Lorentz functions, dielectric and resistivity data analyzed for temperature dependence, piezoelectric properties measured after thermal annealing.
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X-ray diffractometer
D8 ADVANCE
Bruker
Analyze phase structure of ceramics
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LCR meter
E4980 A
Keysight
Determine dielectric properties
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Scanning electron microscope
Hitachi
Observe microstructure of ceramics
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Micro-Raman spectrometer
LabRAW HR 800 UV
Jobin-Yvon
Investigate Raman spectra
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High-resistance measurement system
HRMS-900
Partulab
Measure DC electrical resistivity
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d33 meter
ZJ-3
Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Measure piezoelectric constants
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Piezoelectric accelerometer calibration system
PCB 9155D
PCB
Measure charge sensitivity of sensors
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Planetary-ball-mill
Mill powders for sample preparation
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