1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study aimed to synthesize TiO2@D-PVA nanoparticles using a simple method involving physical mixing, centrifugation, and calcination to coat degraded PVA onto TiO2, avoiding organic solvents.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Commercial P25 TiO2 nanoparticles and PVA were used as starting materials. Methyl orange (MO) was used as a model pollutant for photocatalytic degradation tests.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Materials included PVA (average polymerization degree of 1750 ± 50), TiO2 (P25, 20% rutile and 80% anatase), and methyl orange. Equipment included a transmission electron microscope (TEM, HT7700, Hitachi), field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM, SU8020, Hitachi) with EDX, thermal gravimetric analyzer (Perkin-Elmer Pyris 1), FT-IR spectrophotometer (Thermo Nicolet 6700), fluorescence spectrometer (F-4500, Hitachi), UV-Vis spectrophotometer (UV-2600, Shimadzu), centrifuge, and a 500 W halogen lamp with UV cut-off filter for photocatalytic experiments.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

Synthesis involved mixing P25 TiO2 with PVA solution, stirring, centrifuging at 10,000 rpm for 5 minutes, calcining at 220°C for 2 hours, and grinding. Photocatalytic activity was evaluated by dispersing samples in MO solution, achieving adsorption-desorption equilibrium in dark, irradiating with visible light, and measuring degradation via UV-Vis absorption at 465 nm.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

Data were analyzed using first-order kinetics for photocatalytic rate constants, and various characterization techniques (SEM, TEM, EDX, XPS, FT-IR, TGA, PL, UV-Vis DRS) to study morphology, structure, and properties.