1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

CuO nanostructured thin films were prepared by thermal evaporation of Cu onto silica glass substrates followed by aging in oxidizing atmosphere for 30 days, and annealing at 400°C and 600°C for 2 hours. The study employed X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) for characterization. Photocatalytic activity was assessed under sunlight exposure.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Thin films were prepared on silica glass substrates. Samples included as-deposited (CuP), annealed at 400°C (Cu400), and annealed at 600°C (Cu600). Dye solutions of 5 μM MB and MG in deionized water were used for photocatalytic tests.

3：0). Dye solutions of 5 μM MB and MG in deionized water were used for photocatalytic tests. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: Equipment included thermal evaporation system, furnace for annealing, PANalytical X'pert Pro diffractometer for XRD, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, atomic force microscope, TESCAN MIRA II LMH FESEM, and glass vials for photocatalytic experiments. Materials included Cu source, silica glass substrates, deionized water, MB and MG dyes, and scavengers like cupric nitrate, formic acid, tert-butyl alcohol, and benzoquinone for capture experiments.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

Cu thin films were deposited by thermal evaporation, oxidized for 30 days, and annealed at specified temperatures. Morphological and structural analyses were performed using AFM, FESEM, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy. Optical properties were studied via UV-Vis absorption. Photocatalytic degradation involved immersing films in dye solutions, equilibrating in dark for 30 min, exposing to sunlight for timed intervals, and measuring concentration changes with UV-Vis spectroscopy. Reusability tests and in situ capture experiments with scavengers were conducted.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

Band gaps were estimated from Tauc plots. Photocatalytic efficiency was calculated using η = (C0 - C)/C0, and first-order rate constants were determined from ln(C/C0) = -kt. Size distributions were analyzed from FESEM images, and surface roughness from AFM.