研究目的
To design and synthesize tripod-shaped electrochromic materials based on 2,4,6-triphenyl-1,3,5-triazine esters with electron donor-acceptor structures and investigate their electrochemical and electrochromic properties for applications in displays, smart windows, and other devices.
研究成果
The synthesized tripod-shaped electrochromic materials based on 2,4,6-triphenyl-1,3,5-triazine esters exhibit promising properties for electrochromic devices, with compounds having short chain lengths and electron-donating groups showing superior performance. These materials offer fast switching, high contrast, and efficiency, making them suitable for applications in displays and smart windows. Future work could explore optimization of synthesis and device integration for broader use.
研究不足
The study is limited to specific synthesized compounds and may not generalize to other electrochromic materials. The use of NMP as a solvent and specific electrolyte compositions could affect performance in different environments. Long-term stability beyond 1000 cycles was not extensively tested, and scalability for industrial applications was not addressed.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study involved synthesizing ten tripod-shaped electrochromic materials (compounds 1-10) via esterification of 4,4',4''-s-triazine-2,4,6-triyl-tribenzoic acid with various alcohols and phenols. Electrochemical properties were characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV), and optical properties were assessed via ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroelectrochemistry. Electrochromic devices (ECDs) were fabricated and tested to evaluate performance metrics such as switching time, optical contrast, and coloration efficiency.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Compounds 1-10 were synthesized as described, with details provided in supplementary information. Materials included p-tolunitrile, chromium trioxide, alcohols, phenols, ferrocene, tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (TBAP), and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), all used as received from suppliers.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
UV-Vis spectrophotometer (UV-4802, UNICO Instruments Co. Ltd.), electrochemical workstation (CHI 650 B), three-electrode system with Ag/AgCl reference electrode, platinum disk and wire electrodes, color reader (CR-10 plus, Konica Minolta), ITO-coated glass electrodes, syringe for electrolyte injection, epoxy adhesive for sealing.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Synthesis followed previous methods. ECD fabrication was done in a nitrogen-filled glove box using ITO glass electrodes. Electrolyte solutions were prepared by dissolving compounds, ferrocene, and TBAP in NMP, with concentrations adjusted based on solubility. Devices were sealed and tested at room temperature with applied potentials from -2.3 V to 2.3 V.
5：3 V to 3 V.
Data Analysis Methods:
5. Data Analysis Methods: Data from CV and UV-Vis spectra were analyzed to determine electrochemical peaks, absorption maxima, optical band gaps (calculated using Eg=1241/λonset), optical contrast (ΔT%), response times, optical density (ΔOD), and coloration efficiency (CE). Statistical analysis involved comparing properties across compounds.
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