1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

Co-doped ZnO nano?ber and nanoparticle were synthesized using electrospinning method with controlled PVP concentrations (10 wt% for nano?ber, 3 wt% for nanoparticle) to study the influence of morphology on electromagnetic properties.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Samples were prepared from zinc acetate dihydrate and cobalt acetate anhydrous dissolved in ethanol/DMF solvent, with PVP as a template.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Equipment includes RigakuD/Max 2500 X-ray diffractometer for XRD, Hitachi SU8010 for SEM, Agilent PNA 8363B network analyzer for electromagnetic parameter measurement; materials include DMF, ethanol, zinc acetate dihydrate, cobalt acetate anhydrous, PVP (K-30), and paraffin.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

Spinning solution was electrospun at 14 kV, 5 μl/min feed rate,

5：0 cm collector distance, dried at 70°C, and calcined at 600°C for 3 h. Specimens for electromagnetic testing were made by mixing 20 wt% Co-doped ZnO with 80 wt% paraffin and pressed into toroidal shapes. Data Analysis Methods:

XRD for phase identification, SEM for morphology, hysteresis loop for magnetic properties, dielectric and magnetic loss factors calculated from electromagnetic parameters, and reflection loss calculated using transmission line theory.