研究目的
To design and implement electromagnetic engineered surfaces (EES) using printed electronics to passively extend line-of-sight (LoS) coverage into non-LoS regions at 5G millimeter-wave frequencies.
研究成果
The study successfully designed and measured an EES grating that deflects millimeter-wave signals at 26 GHz by 45 degrees, demonstrating the feasibility of using printed electronics for passive coverage extension in non-LoS regions. This approach avoids costly infrastructure and shows potential for enhancing 5G communications without powered elements, though further optimization is needed to reduce losses and improve efficiency.
研究不足
The paper mentions that the all-metal volumetric grating would be too costly, large, and impractical for real environments, leading to the use of EES with printed electronics. Limitations include ohmic losses and aperture phase errors resulting in specular reflections, and the need for tiling multiple sheets for large apertures, which could be optimized with roll-to-roll processes.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The methodology involves designing a deflection grating based on electromagnetic engineered surfaces (EES) using impedance surface techniques from reflectarray antennas. The design aims to mimic a physical reflective grating for deflecting millimeter-wave signals at 26 GHz with a 45-degree deflection angle. Theoretical models include equations for grating period and height, and reflection phase calculations.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
A 45-degree reflective grating was fabricated using a screen printing process on flexible substrates. Measurements were conducted on a sub-section of a printed sheet (32” x 24”) in a reflectarray measurement setup.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment includes a centre-fed horn antenna for illumination, and materials include printed loop elements on flexible substrates. Specific models or brands are not detailed in the paper.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The grating was illuminated by a horn antenna in a measurement setup. The scattered field was measured at 26 GHz to observe the deflection pattern, with data collected on co-polarized scattered fields.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Analysis involved measuring the beam pattern, including gain loss calculations due to ohmic losses and aperture phase error, using typical reflectarray measurement techniques.
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