研究目的
To investigate and compare the performance of semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA), erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA), and RAMAN amplifier in a 64-channel WDM system at 10 Gbps data rate based on Q-factor, bit error rate (BER), power received, and eye diagrams for different laser powers and fiber lengths.
研究成果
SOA provides the best power received up to 120 km fiber length, RAMAN amplifier offers slightly better Q-factor for short distances (up to 50 km), and all amplifiers saturate in Q-factor beyond 160 km. RAMAN amplifier has the minimum BER at given laser powers, but EDFA is better up to 70 km fiber length. There is a trade-off among the amplifiers, with the choice depending on specific system requirements such as distance and power constraints.
研究不足
The study is based on simulation, which may not fully capture real-world conditions such as environmental variations or hardware imperfections. The fiber length is limited to 280 km, and laser power variations are restricted to a small range. The amplifiers' parameters are fixed, and the study does not explore optimization or hybrid amplifier configurations.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
A simulation model was designed using OptiSystem software to evaluate the performance of SOA, EDFA, and RAMAN amplifiers in a 64-channel WDM system. The methodology involved setting up transmitters, amplifiers, fiber models, and receivers to measure key parameters.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
The simulation used a 64-channel WDM system with a data rate of 10 Gbps, channel spacing of 100 GHz, and frequencies starting from 188.35 THz. No physical samples were used; all data were generated through simulation.
3：35 THz. No physical samples were used; all data were generated through simulation.
List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: The setup included pseudo-random signal generators, NRZ electrical drivers, laser sources, external Mach-Zehnder modulators, optical combiners, optical splitters, fiber models, optical amplifiers (SOA, EDFA, RAMAN), power meters, optical probes, Q-estimators, BER estimators, and electrical scopes. Specific parameters were set for each amplifier (e.g., for RAMAN: fiber length 10 km, temperature 300 K, pump power 400 mW, pump wavelength 1480 nm, pump attenuation 1.2 dB/km; for SOA: bias current 150 mA, amplifier length 500e-6 m, confinement factor 0.15, material gain constant 2.78e-16 cm2, material loss 15 cm?1; for EDFA: output power 12 dBm, maximum small signal gain 35 dB, noise figure flat).
4：2 dB/km; for SOA:
4. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow: Signals were generated, modulated, combined, amplified by the booster amplifier (output power 32 mW), passed through fiber models of varying lengths (40 km to 280 km), amplified by the test amplifiers, and then received and demodulated. Measurements of power, Q-factor, BER, and eye diagrams were taken at various points using power meters, probes, estimators, and scopes.
5：15, material gain constant 78e-16 cm2, material loss 15 cm?1; for EDFA:
5. Data Analysis Methods: Data were analyzed by plotting power received, Q-factor, and BER against fiber length and laser power (-3 dBm to 3 dBm). Eye diagrams were analyzed for parameters like eye opening, closure, and jitter. The analysis focused on comparative performance of the amplifiers.
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