研究目的
To synthesize TiO2/Fe2O3/PAC and TiO2/Fe2O3/zeolite nanocatalysts and compare their photocatalytic activities for cyanide degradation, discuss the mechanism, optimize conditions using RSM, and study kinetics.
研究成果
TiO2/Fe2O3/PAC demonstrated superior photocatalytic activity, adsorption capacity, stability, and reusability compared to TiO2/Fe2O3/zeolite for cyanide degradation. Optimal conditions were identified using RSM, with TiO2/Fe2O3/PAC achieving 97% efficiency. The mechanism involves enhanced electron-hole separation due to Fe2O3 doping. The study highlights the potential for scalable water treatment technologies but recommends further research under visible light and with real wastewater.
研究不足
The study was conducted under controlled laboratory conditions with synthetic wastewater; real industrial effluents may have different compositions affecting performance. The catalysts were tested only for cyanide removal; applicability to other pollutants is not verified. The use of UV light limits energy efficiency; visible light applications were suggested for future work. The reusability was tested for up to five cycles; long-term stability in continuous systems is unknown.
1:Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study used a chemical co-precipitation method to synthesize TiO2/Fe2O3/PAC and TiO2/Fe2O3/zeolite catalysts at a Fe3+/TiO2 molar ratio of
2:Photocatalytic degradation experiments were conducted in a batch reactor with UV light and H2O2, using response surface methodology (Box-Behnken design) to optimize parameters. Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Synthetic cyanide-contaminated water was prepared using sodium cyanide.
3:List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment included XRD (Bruker D-8 Advance), XRF (Bruker S4-Pioneer), FESEM (Nanosem 450), TEM (Philips EM 208S), FTIR (Jasco 6300), BET (Belsorp mini), PL (Varian Cary Eclipse), UV lamp (SNXIN Co., 8W, 254 nm), stirrer-heater, muffle furnace, electric oven, and centrifuge. Materials included powder activated carbon (PAC, Merck), natural zeolite, titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4, Merck), iron(III) chloride (FeCl3, Merck), sodium cyanide (Merck), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, Merck), and chemicals for pH adjustment (NaCl, HCl, Merck).
4:Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Catalysts were synthesized by suspending PAC or zeolite in deionized water, adding TiCl4 and FeCl3, adjusting pH to
5:5, stirring at 70°C for 4h, filtering, washing, drying at 80°C, and calcining at 400°C. Photocatalytic experiments involved adding catalyst and H2O2 to cyanide solution, irradiating with UV light for 60-180 min, filtering, and measuring cyanide concentration. Data Analysis Methods:
Cyanide degradation efficiency was calculated using a formula. RSM was used for statistical analysis and optimization. Kinetics were modeled using first-order kinetics. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and other statistical tools.
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X-ray diffraction
D-8 Advance
Bruker
Investigate crystalline phase and structure of synthesized catalysts
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X-ray fluorescence
S4-Pioneer
Bruker
Identify chemical composition and structure of compounds
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Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
6300
Jasco
Confirm chemical composition of compounds
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Field-emission scanning electron microscope
Nanosem 450
Investigate morphology and size distribution of nanoparticles
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Transmission electron microscopy
EM 208S
Philips
Investigate structural properties of synthesized nanoparticles
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Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analyzer
Belsorp mini
Determine surface area and pore volume by N2 adsorption at 77 K
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Photoluminescence emission spectra
Cary Eclipse
Varian
Study recombination of electron-hole pairs
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UV lamp
SNXIN Co.
Provide UV irradiation for photocatalytic degradation
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Powder activated carbon
Merck
Support material for catalyst synthesis
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Titanium tetrachloride
Merck
Precursor for TiO2 in catalyst synthesis
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Iron(III) chloride
Merck
Precursor for Fe2O3 in catalyst synthesis
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Sodium cyanide
Merck
Source of cyanide for synthetic contaminated water
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Hydrogen peroxide
Merck
Oxidant in photocatalytic degradation
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