1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study uses a UV light-induced thiol–ene coupling (TEC) reaction for covalent biofunctionalization. The protocol involves silanization of silicon surfaces with triethoxyvinyl–silane (TEVS) to create a vinyl-terminated monolayer, followed by UV light photocatalysis to immobilize thiol-terminated half antibodies (hIgG). Real-time monitoring is performed using photonic bandgap (PBG) sensing structures on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) chip.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Silicon-based SOI photonic chips are used as sensing elements. Half anti-bovine serum albumin (haBSA) antibodies are prepared by TCEP reduction of full antibodies. Fluorescence microarray tests and photonic sensing responses are collected.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Equipment includes a tunable laser, IR camera, syringe pump, UV lamp (254 nm), e-beam lithography system, inductively coupled plasma etcher, AFM, IRRAS spectrometer, and contact angle goniometer. Materials include TEVS, TCEP, haBSA, PBS buffer, PDMS, PMMA, PTFE tubes, and various chemicals for silanization and reduction processes.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

The SOI chip is cleaned with piranha solution and O2 plasma, silanized with TEVS in water (pH 8), and cured. haBSA is prepared by TCEP reduction, purified, and flowed over the chip. UV light is applied to catalyze the TEC reaction. Real-time spectral shifts of PBG structures are monitored using a tunable laser and IR camera.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

Spectral shifts of PBG edges are tracked to monitor biofunctionalization. Fluorescence intensity is measured for microarray validation. Surface characterization includes water contact angle, IRRAS, and AFM topography.