研究目的
To investigate the synergistic effect between WO3/activated carbon and BiVO4 nanoparticles for improved photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, focusing on tuning structural, morphological, and optical properties to enhance efficiency.
研究成果
The composite with 1.5% BiVO4 doping in 2.0% C-WO3 shows optimal photocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution, attributed to reduced grain size, lower energy band gap, and increased surface area. Further doping decreases efficiency. This material holds promise for practical applications in renewable energy.
研究不足
The study is limited to specific doping concentrations and synthesis conditions; higher BiVO4 content reduces photocatalytic activity due to increased grain size and band gap. The experiments are conducted under controlled laboratory settings, and scalability for practical applications may require further optimization.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study uses a hydrothermal synthesis route to prepare composites of WO3 with 2.0% activated carbon and varying BiVO4 doping concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%). Theoretical models include Scherer formula for grain size calculation and tangent method for energy band gap determination.
2：0% activated carbon and varying BiVO4 doping concentrations (5%, 0%, 5%, 0%). Theoretical models include Scherer formula for grain size calculation and tangent method for energy band gap determination. Sample Selection and Data Sources:
2. Sample Selection and Data Sources: Samples are synthesized from precursors such as Na2WO4·2H2O, glucose, nitric acid, Bi(NO3)3·5H2O, NH4VO3, and tetra methyl ammonium hydroxide. Data is acquired through characterization techniques.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment includes autoclaves, ovens, dip coater machine, photoelectrochemical cell (PEC), 1 kW Xenon lamp, X-ray diffractometer (Philips PW 3710), scanning electron microscope (TESCAN SEM VEGA TS 5136), BET analyzer, UV–Vis spectrophotometer (TU-1901), and fluorospectrophotometer (RAMANLOG 6). Materials include fluorine-doped tin oxide coated glass, distilled water, ethanol, and nitrogen gas.
4：6). Materials include fluorine-doped tin oxide coated glass, distilled water, ethanol, and nitrogen gas. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
4. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow: Synthesis involves hydrothermal reactions at 170-180°C for 12-24 hours, followed by washing, drying, and deposition on FTO glass using dip coating. Photocatalytic activity is tested in PEC under visible light irradiation (λ ≥ 420 nm), with hydrogen measured in a cylinder.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Data is analyzed using XRD for structural phases, SEM for morphology, UV–Vis and PL for optical properties, BET for surface area, and statistical methods for hydrogen evolution rates.
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X-ray diffractometer
PW 3710
Philips
Used to investigate structural properties and phases of the samples through X-ray diffraction analysis.
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Scanning electron microscope
SEM VEGA TS 5136
TESCAN
Used to examine morphological properties and grain size of the samples.
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UV–Vis spectrophotometer
TU-1901
China
Used to analyze optical properties and absorption intensities of the samples.
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Fluorospectrophotometer
RAMANLOG 6
USA
Used for photoluminescence spectrum analysis to study optical properties and energy band gap.
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Autoclave
Used for hydrothermal synthesis of samples at high temperatures and pressures.
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Dip coater machine
Used to deposit photocatalyst layers on FTO glass substrates.
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Xenon lamp
Used as a light source for photocatalytic activity tests under visible light irradiation.
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Photoelectrochemical cell
PEC
Used to measure photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity.
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