研究目的
To design an algorithm and hardware for a single-axis solar tracker and compare its energy efficiency with a fixed solar system.
研究成果
The designed single-axis solar tracker can increase energy harvest by up to 30% compared to static systems, with three operational modes for flexibility. Future work includes physical implementation, handling cloudy weather, and expanding to dual-axis systems.
研究不足
The system requires calibration for specific regions in automatic RTC mode, and LDR sensors need maintenance to ensure accuracy. The study is based on simulations and existing data, not physical implementation.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study involves designing a solar tracker with hardware components and an algorithm for control. It uses theoretical models like the Meinel model for irradiance prediction and equations for energy increase calculation.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Data from previous studies [1] and [5] are used for comparison, involving measurements of static and tracking solar systems.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Includes microcontroller (AT Mega 328), sensors (LDR, RTC, incremental encoder), motor driver (H bridge), voltage regulator (7805), charge controller, battery, signaling module, electric motor, linear actuator, base with frame, and solar panel.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The algorithm has three modes (manual, automatic LDR, automatic RTC) to control the hardware for tracking the sun.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Uses equations (6) and (7) to calculate percentage increase in energy production, based on data from references.
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Microcontroller
AT Mega 328
Atmel
Controls the solar tracker system by processing sensor inputs and managing output devices.
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Real-Time Clock
RTC
Provides date and time information for sun position tracking in automatic mode.
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Light Dependent Resistor
LDR
Senses light intensity to determine sun position for panel alignment.
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Incremental Encoder
magnet
Measures the position of the solar panel, useful for wind-safe positioning.
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Motor Driver
H bridge
Controls the electric motor for rotating the solar panel.
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Voltage Regulator
7805
Regulates voltage to power the microcontroller and peripheral devices.
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Charge Controller
Protects the battery from overcharge, discharge, and overcurrent.
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Battery
Stores energy and supplies power to the system components.
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Electric Motor
Drives the linear actuator to move the solar panel.
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Linear Actuator
Converts rotational motion from the motor to linear motion for panel adjustment.
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Solar Panel
Converts solar energy into electrical energy.
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