研究目的
To propose a PIN diode-loaded programmable metasurface element and dynamic aperture for controlling electromagnetic waves in real time, with applications in dynamic beamforming, electromagnetic imaging, and security check.
研究成果
The proposed PIN diode-loaded programmable metasurface element enables real-time switching between radiative and non-radiative states with lower ohmic losses compared to traditional cELC resonators. The dynamic aperture can generate various radiation patterns for applications in beamforming, imaging, and security, offering a simpler alternative to systems with amplifiers and phase shifters.
研究不足
The study is based on simulations and does not include experimental validation. The dynamic aperture is one-dimensional with only seven elements, which may limit complexity and scalability. Nonlinear characteristics of alternative components like varactors could introduce complications.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The design involves a complementary electric LC (cELC) resonator integrated into a microstrip transmission line with PIN diodes for real-time control of digital states. Full-wave simulations using CST Microwave Studio were employed to optimize the structure and analyze performance.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
The metasurface element is designed with specific dielectric substrates (Rogers 4003 and FR4) and PIN diodes (M/A-COM MA4SPS502). Data is derived from simulations of scattering parameters and current distributions.
3：2). Data is derived from simulations of scattering parameters and current distributions.
List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: Materials include Rogers 4003 substrate (εr=3.55, tanδ=0.0027, thickness=1.52 mm), FR4 substrate (εr=4.3, tanδ=0.0019, thickness=0.127 mm), PIN diodes (M/A-COM MA4SPS502), and microstrip transmission lines. Equipment includes CST Microwave Studio for simulations.
4：55, tanδ=0027, thickness=52 mm), FR4 substrate (εr=3, tanδ=0019, thickness=127 mm), PIN diodes (M/A-COM MA4SPS502), and microstrip transmission lines. Equipment includes CST Microwave Studio for simulations.
Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
4. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow: The element structure is designed and simulated in CST Microwave Studio. PIN diodes are biased with DC voltage (forward bias: 20 mA for ON state, reverse bias: 5 V for OFF state) to switch between radiative and non-radiative states. Scattering parameters (S11 and S21) and current distributions are analyzed.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Simulation results are analyzed to determine resonant frequencies, transmission losses, and radiation patterns. Methods include comparing S-parameters and visualizing surface current distributions to assess ohmic losses and performance.
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