研究目的
To investigate the structural modification of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) by sodium salt addition for enhancing solar light-driven photocatalytic activity, specifically for phenol degradation in real industrial effluent.
研究成果
Sodium doping effectively modifies the structure of g-C3N4, reducing band gap energy and charge recombination, leading to enhanced photocatalytic activity under solar light. Optimal conditions achieved 84.22% phenol degradation in real effluent, demonstrating potential for environmental remediation applications. Future work could focus on scaling up and testing with diverse pollutants.
研究不足
The study used a specific real effluent (tannery wastewater), which may limit generalizability to other pollutants or effluents. The photocatalytic efficiency depends on solar light intensity, which is variable and not controllable. Sodium leaching was observed at high flow rates, potentially reducing long-term stability. The batch synthesis and experimental setup may not be scalable directly for industrial applications.
1:Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study involved synthesizing sodium-doped g-C3N4 (Na-g-C3N4) by calcination and doping with NaCl, followed by characterization and photocatalytic testing under solar light. The Langmuir-Hinshelwood model was used for kinetic analysis.
2:Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Real tannery effluent was collected and characterized; phenol was extracted using isobutyl acetate. Synthetic catalysts (g-C3N4 and Na-g-C3N4 with varying NaCl amounts) were prepared.
3:List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment included XRD diffractometer, FTIR spectrometer, UV-vis spectrophotometer, PL spectrometer, FESEM, TEM, gas sorption analyzer, TGA, zeta potential analyzer, XPS, ICP-AES, GC-MS, pH meter, conductivity meter, and solar photocatalytic reactor. Materials included melamine, NaCl, ethanol, isobutyl acetate, H2O2, and deionized water.
4:Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Synthesis involved calcination of melamine to form g-C3N4, grinding with NaCl, dissolution in ethanol-water, drying, and calcination. Characterization included structural, optical, and morphological analyses. Photocatalytic experiments were conducted in a solar reactor with varied parameters (irradiance time, pH, H2O2 concentration, flow rate), and phenol degradation was monitored.
5:Data Analysis Methods:
Data were analyzed using standardized illumination time, percentage reduction calculations, and kinetic modeling with the Langmuir-Hinshelwood equation. Statistical means of triplicate experiments with error bars were reported.
独家科研数据包,助您复现前沿成果,加速创新突破
获取完整内容-
FTIR spectrometer
SPECTRA-4000
Perkin Elmer
Identify functional groups in samples
-
UV-vis spectrophotometer
UV-670
JASCO
Evaluate optical properties via diffuse reflectance spectroscopy
-
PL spectrometer
FP-8500
JASCO
Analyze charge carrier recombination through photoluminescence
-
FESEM
SUPRA 55 V P
Carl Zeiss
Analyze morphological structures of samples
-
TEM
FEI TECNAI 20G2
FEI
Analyze morphological structures at nanoscale
-
TGA instrument
TGA-4000
Perkin Elmer
Analyze thermal stability of samples
-
GC-MS
Clarus 500
PerkinElmer
Analyze phenol extraction and degradation
-
Conductivity meter
EC-600
EXTECH
Measure conductivity of solutions
-
XRD diffractometer
Cu-Kα radiation, λ=0.1504 nm
Analyze crystalline structure of catalysts
-
Gas sorption analyzer
Autosorp IQ
Quanta chrome
Analyze textural properties via nitrogen adsorption-desorption
-
Zeta potential analyzer
Malvern Instruments
Measure surface charge of samples
-
XPS
Thermo Scientific
Elemental analysis via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
-
ICP-AES
ARCOS
SPECTRO Analytical Instruments GmbH
Estimate sodium content in photocatalyst samples
-
pH meter
LT-50
Labtronics
Measure pH of solutions
-
UV-vis spectrophotometer
Prove 600
Merk
Measure color of effluent
-
Solar photocatalytic reactor
Conduct photocatalytic experiments under solar light
-
登录查看剩余14件设备及参数对照表
查看全部