研究目的
To develop and characterize a silicon photonic dual parallel multi-electrode Mach-Zehnder modulator (MEMZM) based transmitter for 200 Gb/s 4-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) short reach transceivers in intra-datacenter optical interconnects.
研究成果
The O-band silicon photonic transmitter with dual parallel MEMZMs successfully achieves up to 200 Gb/s PAM4 transmission over 10 km of SMF with BER below the KP4-FEC threshold, using low driving voltages and minimal DSP. This demonstrates its potential for next-generation intra-datacenter optical interconnects, though improvements in insertion loss and crosstalk mitigation are needed for optimal performance.
研究不足
The fiber-to-fiber insertion loss is high (19.5 dB), primarily due to grating couplers, which could be optimized. Crosstalk between MEMZMs is not negligible and affects BER performance, indicating a need for increased spacing in future designs. The use of GSSG probes may exacerbate crosstalk compared to SGGS probes. The photodetector lacks a transimpedance amplifier, limiting receiver sensitivity.
1:Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study involves designing and fabricating a silicon photonic transmitter with dual parallel MEMZMs, using a series push-pull configuration to reduce microwave losses and improve bandwidth. The methodology includes DC and small-signal characterization, large-signal modulation tests, and BER performance evaluation under various conditions.
2:Sample Selection and Data Sources:
The transmitter was fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator wafer using a multi-project wafer run at the Institute of Microelectronics (IME A*STAR). Experimental data were collected through measurements of insertion loss, phase shift, S-parameters, and BER.
3:List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Key equipment includes a Keysight lightwave component analyzer (LCA), GSSG probes, digital to analog converter (DAC), RF amplifiers, tunable delay lines, praseodymium-doped fiber amplifier (PDFA), photodetector (PD), real-time oscilloscope (RTO), and single-mode fiber (SMF-28e+). Materials involve silicon photonic chips, aluminum metal layers, and on-chip terminations.
4:Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The setup involved coupling a continuous wave laser into the chip, generating binary signals with a DAC, amplifying them with RF amplifiers, applying delays, modulating the optical signal, transmitting over SMF, amplifying with a PDFA, detecting with a PD, and sampling with an RTO for offline processing including equalization and BER calculation.
5:Data Analysis Methods:
Data analysis included resampling, feedforward equalization (FFE), symbol de-mapping, and bit error counting using offline processing on the sampled data to evaluate BER performance.
独家科研数据包,助您复现前沿成果,加速创新突破
获取完整内容