研究目的
To characterize the general dynamics of polarization pulling in degenerated pump fiber optical parametric amplifiers (FOPAs) using a normalized model, and to determine the relationship between output degree of polarization (DOP) and gain over a wide range of polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) coefficients, comparing with co-propagating fiber Raman amplifiers.
研究成果
The proposed normalized model effectively characterizes polarization pulling in FOPAs across a wide range of PMD coefficients. FOPAs with sufficient parametric gain can achieve stronger polarization pulling than co-propagating fiber Raman amplifiers, especially for idlers. Modified empirical formulas provide accurate descriptions of DOP-gain and DOP-conversion efficiency relationships, with FOPAs exhibiting uniform behavior for moderate PMD fibers. Future work could involve experimental verification and extension to other nonlinear effects.
研究不足
The study is based on numerical simulations and does not include experimental validation. The model assumes specific conditions such as degenerated pump, neglects Raman effects and higher-order dispersion, and may not fully capture all real-world complexities. The applicability is limited to small signal FOPAs, and results for fibers with very high PMD (>501 fs) could not be well described by the empirical formulas due to phase mismatch limitations.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
A normalized model was derived from coupled mode equations in Stokes space to describe polarization pulling in FOPAs. Numerical simulations were conducted using this model to investigate the effects of PMD and parametric gain on output DOP.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Simulations involved generating 100 fiber realizations with randomly varying birefringence using a random modulus model, and 100 input signal states of polarization (SOPs) uniformly distributed on the Poincaré sphere for each realization.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
No specific physical equipment or materials were used as the study is numerical; the model assumes optical fibers with varying PMD coefficients and nonlinear coefficients.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The fourth-order Runge-Kutta method was employed for numerical integration with step sizes less than
5：1% of minimum length scales. Parameters such as normalized PMD coefficient, parametric gain factor, and fiber loss were varied, and output DOPs were averaged over ensembles. Data Analysis Methods:
Data were analyzed using empirical formulas (e.g., DOP = 1 - exp(-(G + offset)/γ)) to fit simulation results, with deviations calculated to assess accuracy. Statistical methods included averaging over multiple realizations and SOPs.
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