研究目的
To synthesize hierarchical WO3 nanostructures with controllable morphology and investigate their gas sensing properties for acetylene (C2H2) detection, which is important for fault diagnosis in power transformers.
研究成果
Hierarchical WO3 nanostructures were successfully synthesized, with nanoflowers exhibiting the highest gas sensing performance due to their large surface area. This makes WO3 a promising material for high-performance C2H2 sensors in transformer fault diagnosis, with potential for further optimization and application.
研究不足
The study is limited to WO3-based sensors and C2H2 gas; other gases or materials were not tested. The hydrothermal synthesis conditions may not be optimized for all morphologies, and long-term stability beyond 160 days was not assessed. Selectivity to other gases was not evaluated.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
A facile hydrothermal method was used to synthesize three types of WO3 nanostructures (nanorods, nanospheres, nanoflowers) under different conditions. The growth mechanisms were proposed based on the synthesis routes.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Analytical grade chemicals from Chongqing Chuandong Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. were used without further purification. Samples were labeled S1 (nanorods), S2 (nanospheres), S3 (nanoflowers).
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment includes Teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave, muffle furnace, XRD (D/Max-1200X, Rigaku), FESEM (JSM-6700F, JEOL), BET analyzer (Micromeritics ASAP2020), and CGS-8 intelligent gas sensing analysis system (Beijing Elite Tech). Materials include sodium tungstate dehydrate, sodium sulfate, oxalic acid, hydrochloric acid, ammonium tungstate hydrate, deionized water, ethanol, alumina ceramic tube, Au electrodes, Pt wires, Ni-Cr wire.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Synthesis involved hydrothermal reactions at 180°C for different durations (6h for nanorods, 12h for nanospheres, 8h for nanoflowers), followed by washing, drying, and annealing (for S3). Characterization was done using XRD, SEM, BET. Gas sensors were fabricated by coating the nanomaterials on alumina tubes with electrodes and wires, aged at 400°C. Gas sensing measurements were performed using the CGS-8 system at various temperatures and C2H2 concentrations.
5：3). Characterization was done using XRD, SEM, BET. Gas sensors were fabricated by coating the nanomaterials on alumina tubes with electrodes and wires, aged at 400°C. Gas sensing measurements were performed using the CGS-8 system at various temperatures and C2H2 concentrations. Data Analysis Methods:
5. Data Analysis Methods: Gas response was defined as Ra/Rg, where Ra is resistance in air and Rg in C2H2. Response and recovery times were measured as time to reach 90% and fall to 10% of maximum response, respectively. Linear fitting was used for concentration-response relationships.
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X-ray diffractometer
D/Max-1200X
Rigaku
Characterize the structural and compositional properties of WO3 nanostructures by XRD analysis.
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Field emission scanning electron microscope
JSM-6700F
JEOL
Observe the morphologies and microstructures of the synthesized WO3 nanomaterials.
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BET analyzer
ASAP2020
Micromeritics
Analyze the specific surface areas and porosity of the prepared WO3 samples by nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm at 77 K.
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Gas sensing analysis system
CGS-8
Beijing Elite Tech
Measure the gas sensing properties of the fabricated sensors to C2H2, including resistance, response, and recovery times.
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Teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave
Used for hydrothermal synthesis of WO3 nanostructures at high temperature and pressure.
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Muffle furnace
Annealing the dried WO3 product at high temperature in air.
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