研究目的
To develop chitosan/fucoidan multilayer coated gold nanorods (CS/F-GNRs) as highly efficient near-infrared photothermal agents for cancer therapy, focusing on their synthesis, characterization, biocompatibility, and in vitro and in vivo therapeutic efficacy.
研究成果
CS/F-GNRs demonstrate excellent photothermal efficiency, biocompatibility, and effectiveness in ablating tumors in vitro and in vivo, showing promise as safe and efficient agents for cancer photothermal therapy. Future work should explore clinical translation and broader applications.
研究不足
The study may have limitations in long-term toxicity assessment, scalability of synthesis, and applicability to other cancer types or human models. Optimization could focus on reducing potential accumulation in organs like spleen and liver.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study involved synthesizing CS/F-GNRs through electrostatic interactions, characterizing their properties, and evaluating photothermal efficiency and biocompatibility for cancer therapy. Methods included UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, FETEM, DLS, zeta potential measurements, MTT assays, hemolytic assays, live/dead staining, confocal microscopy, and in vivo tumor ablation studies in mice.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Gold nanorods were synthesized and coated with chitosan and fucoidan. In vitro studies used MDA-MB-231 cancer cells, and in vivo studies used female Balb/c nude mice with induced MDA-MB-231 tumors. Data were sourced from laboratory experiments and measurements.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment included UV-Vis spectrometer, XRD machine, FTIR spectrometer, FETEM, DLS analyzer, zeta potential analyzer, thermal camera, ICP-MS (NexION 300D, PerkinElmer), confocal microscope, and NIR laser (808 nm). Materials included fucoidan, chitosan, CTAB, HAuCl4·3H2O, AgNO3, ascorbic acid, NaBH4, MTT, DAPI, AO, PI, MitoTracker Red, and other biological reagents from Sigma-Aldrich.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
GNRs were synthesized, purified, and coated with fucoidan and chitosan. Characterization involved spectral and microscopic analyses. Photothermal tests measured temperature changes under laser irradiation. In vitro tests assessed cell viability and photothermal killing. In vivo tests involved injecting mice with CS/F-GNRs, irradiating tumors, monitoring temperature and tumor volume, and analyzing tissues with H&E staining and ICP-MS.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Data were analyzed using statistical methods (mean ± SD), with significance tests (p < 0.05). Software tools for instrument control and data processing were implied but not specified.
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ICP-MS
NexION 300D
PerkinElmer
Used to calculate gold content in tumor tissues and organs by digesting samples in aqua regia and measuring Au element.
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NIR laser
808 nm
Used for photothermal irradiation of samples to induce temperature elevation and cancer cell ablation.
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Thermal camera
Used to monitor temperature variations during laser irradiation in vitro and in vivo experiments.
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FETEM
Used for imaging and characterizing the morphology and structure of gold nanorods and coated samples.
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DLS analyzer
Used to measure the average particle size and hydrodynamic diameter of nanoparticles in solution.
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Zeta potential analyzer
Used to measure the zeta potential of nanoparticles to confirm surface modifications.
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UV-Vis spectrometer
Used to obtain absorption spectra of samples to characterize optical properties and stability.
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XRD machine
Used to analyze the crystalline structure of materials through X-ray diffraction patterns.
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FTIR spectrometer
Used to obtain infrared spectra to identify functional groups and confirm coating on nanoparticles.
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Confocal microscope
Used for high-resolution imaging of cells stained with fluorescent dyes to assess photothermal effects.
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