研究目的
To fabricate polypyrrole hollow structures loaded with a hydrophobic liquid that contains gold nanoparticles for potential biomedical applications such as imaging and drug delivery.
研究成果
Polypyrrole microcapsules loaded with gold nanoparticles are successfully synthesized and show promise for biomedical imaging (computed tomography and gamma imaging) and drug delivery, with demonstrated cytotoxicity selectivity towards cancer cells. Future work should address in vivo challenges such as phagocytosis and optimize capsule parameters.
研究不足
The study is conducted ex vivo and in vitro, not in vivo, limiting direct applicability to living organisms. The capsules may be removed from circulation due to phagocytosis, and further size reduction or surface functionalization is needed for stealth properties. The low activity of Au-198 used may not fully represent therapeutic effects.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study uses chemical oxidative polymerization of pyrrole to deposit polypyrrole onto the surface of hydrophobic droplets containing gold nanoparticles, forming microcapsules. This method is chosen for its effectiveness in encapsulating both liquid phases and nanoparticles.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Hydrophobic solvents (toluene, hexane, 2-oxoheptyl isothiocyanate) and gold nanoparticles (stable Au-197 or radioactive Au-198) are used as cores. Cell cultures (CRL-1790 human normal colon cells and MCF-7 breast cancer cells from ATCC) are employed for in vitro studies.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Chemicals include pyrrole, iron chloride (III), dodecanethiol functionalized gold nanoparticles, 2-oxoheptyl isothiocyanate, gold (III) chloride hydrate, sodium borohydride, NaOH, HCl, acetone, hexane, 1-dodecanethiol, Au-198 in H198AuCl4, and cell culture materials. Instruments include SEM (Zeiss Merlin), TEM (Zeiss Libra 120 FE), FTIR (Nicolet 6700 Continuμm microscope), Raman (Labram 800HR), TGA (TGA Q50), HPGe detector (Canberra), Cyclone Plus Storage Phosphor System (Perkin Elmer), micro-CT (Zeiss XRadia MicroXCT-200), ultrasonic homogenizer (Hielscher UP400S), and microplate reader (ELX800, BioTek Instruments).
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Emulsion preparation by sonicating water with solvent containing nanoparticles, adding polymerization solution (pyrrole and ferric chloride), and allowing polymerization for 30 min. Separation by centrifugation. For radioactive nanoparticles, preparation involves adding AuCl4- solution to water, reducing with sodium borohydride, and extracting with organic solvents. In vitro cytotoxicity assessed using MTT assay on cell cultures after 72h incubation.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
SEM and TEM for morphology, EDS for elemental mapping, FTIR and Raman for chemical identification, TGA for mass percentage calculation, micro-CT for imaging contrast, gamma imaging detection, and statistical analysis (one-way ANOVA with Dunnett test) for cell viability data using GraphPad Prism 5 software.
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Scanning Electron Microscope
Merlin
Zeiss
Morphology study of microcapsules using secondary electron imaging and EDS mapping.
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Transmission Electron Microscope
Libra 120 FE
Zeiss
Detailed study of nanoparticle distribution within microcapsules.
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FTIR Microscope
Nicolet 6700 Continuμm
Thermo Scientific
Infrared measurements in reflection mode for chemical identification.
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HPGe Detector
XtRa coaxial detector
Canberra
Determination of Au-198 activity.
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Storage Phosphor System
Cyclone Plus
Perkin Elmer
Detection of microcapsules loaded with Au-198 nanoparticles in gamma imaging.
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Microcomputed Tomography System
XRadia MicroXCT-200
Zeiss
Micro-CT data collection for imaging contrast studies.
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Raman Microscope
Labram 800HR
Horiba Jobin Yvon
Raman spectra recording with a 785 nm laser for chemical analysis.
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Thermogravimetric Analyzer
TGA Q50
TA Instruments
Thermogravimetry data collection for mass percentage estimation.
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Ultrasonic Homogenizer
UP400S
Hielscher
Sonication for emulsion preparation.
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Microplate Reader
ELX800
BioTek Instruments
Absorbance measurement in MTT assay for cell viability.
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