研究目的
To analyze local symmetries of cerium ions in BaWO4 single crystals doped with Ce and co-doped with Na ions, and to investigate their radioluminescence and scintillation properties.
研究成果
Co-doping with Na ions leads to a more perfect crystal structure and higher real concentration of Ce ions in BaWO4 single crystals, as shown by EPR studies. However, no Ce3+ emission was detected in radioluminescence, and scintillation properties are poor. The emissions are attributed to the host material and defects, not Ce dopants.
研究不足
The EPR results are complex with many centers, and only the influence of sodium co-doping on crystal quality is concentrated on. No photoluminescence from Ce3+ ions was observed, indicating poor scintillation properties. The study is limited to specific doping concentrations and methods.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study involved growing single crystals using the Czochralski method, followed by characterization using X-ray diffraction, EPR spectroscopy, radioluminescence, and pulse height measurements to analyze crystal structure, local symmetries, and optical properties.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Single crystals of BaWO4 with various dopings (Ce and Na) were grown from high-purity reagents.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment includes Malvern MSR4 puller, Siemens D5000 diffractometer, Bruker E-500 EPR spectrometer, Oxford Instruments cryostat, Inel X-ray generator, ARC SP-500i monochromator, Hamamatsu photomultiplier tubes, Canberra preamplifier and amplifier, Tukan multichannel analyzer. Materials include BaCO3, WO3, CeO2, Na2CO
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Crystals were grown, powdered for XRD, shaped for EPR, and measured at various temperatures. EPR angular dependencies were drawn, and data were fitted using the EPR-NMR program. Radioluminescence and pulse height spectra were recorded.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
XRD patterns analyzed by Rietveld refinement, EPR data fitted with spin-Hamiltonian parameters, radioluminescence and pulse height data analyzed for emission and scintillation properties.
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Canberra 2022 spectroscopy amplifier
2022
Canberra
Used for signal amplification in pulse height measurements.
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Malvern MSR4 puller
MSR4
Malvern
Used for growing single crystals by the Czochralski method.
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Siemens D5000 diffractometer
D5000
Siemens
Used for X-ray powder diffraction analysis.
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Bruker E-500 EPR spectrometer
E-500
Bruker
Used for Electron Paramagnetic Resonance spectroscopy.
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Hamamatsu R928 photomultiplier tube
R928
Hamamatsu
Used for detecting light in radioluminescence measurements.
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Lake Shore 330 unit
330
Lake Shore
Used for temperature control in radioluminescence measurements.
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Hamamatsu R2059 photomultiplier tube
R2059
Hamamatsu
Used in pulse height measurements for gamma excitation.
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Canberra 2005 integrating preamplifier
2005
Canberra
Used for signal preamplification in pulse height measurements.
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Oxford Instruments cryostat
Oxford Instruments
Used for temperature control during EPR measurements with liquid helium flow.
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Inel X-ray generator
Inel
Used for generating X-rays in radioluminescence measurements.
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ARC SP-500i monochromator
SP-500i
ARC
Used for monochromating light in radioluminescence measurements.
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APD Cryogenics closed-cycle helium cooler
APD Cryogenics
Used for cooling samples in radioluminescence measurements.
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Tukan 8k USB multichannel analyzer
8k USB
Tukan
Used for multichannel analysis in pulse height measurements.
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EPR-NMR program
Software used for fitting EPR data and determining spin-Hamiltonian parameters.
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DBWS-9807 program
DBWS-9807
Software used for Rietveld refinement of XRD data.
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