1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study systematically varied volumetric energy density (ε) and defocusing amount (DA) to investigate their effects on AlSi10Mg alloy fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM). The methodology included optimizing SLM parameters to achieve high density and analyzing microstructure and mechanical properties.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Commercial AlSi10Mg powder with specific chemical composition and particle size range (20–60 μm) was used. Sixty cylindrical and tensile samples were produced with varying laser power and DA values.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Equipment included a Concept Laser M2 SLM machine, laser diffraction particle analyzer (Coulter LS230), SEM (Quanta 200, Zeiss Axioscop 40 Pol), EDX spectroscope, XRD (D8 Advanced), micro-CT system (diondo d2), EBSD system (ZEISS Merlin), tensile testing machine (Instron), and Vickers hardness tester (FV-700). Materials included AlSi10Mg powder and etching solutions.

4：0). Materials included AlSi10Mg powder and etching solutions. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

4. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow: SLM processing was conducted with constant layer thickness (30 μm) and hatch spacing (100 μm). Laser power and DA were varied. Samples were polished, etched, and analyzed using microscopy, spectroscopy, diffraction, tomography, and mechanical testing.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

Data were analyzed using statistical methods for density, mechanical properties, and microstructure characterization. Software tools for image analysis and data processing were implied but not specified.