研究目的
To present a technology of sol-gel fabrication of free standing ensembles of metal oxide nanoparticles using a cellulose paper template, with rapid calcination and analysis of impurities.
研究成果
The sol-gel synthesis using a cellulose paper template is efficient for producing free-standing ensembles of metal oxide nanoparticles with single-phase or nanocomposite structures. Impurities from the template are retained, allowing for regulation of their content. The method is promising for fabricating nanocomposites based on metal oxides.
研究不足
The technique may be limited by the impurities in the cellulose template (Ca, Na, Cl), which are incorporated into the synthesized materials. The size distribution of nanoparticles is wide (6-109 nm), and the method produces fragile flakes, which might not be suitable for all applications without further processing.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The sol-gel method was chosen for its control over composition, morphology, size distribution, and crystallinity. Cellulose paper served as a template for nanostructuring.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Commercial cellulose filter paper (
3：32 mm thick, 10 × 25 mm2 pieces) was used. Analytical grade precursors included titanium tetraisopropoxide for TiO2, zinc acetate anhydrate for ZnO, copper(II) nitrate for CuO, and iron(II) nitrate for Fe2OList of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment included SEM, EDX spectroscopy, and XRD (λ=
4：54179 nm). Materials were the cellulose paper, precursors, n-butanol, and annealing furnace. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Sols were prepared in n-butanol (
5：2 mmol/l concentration), stirred for 10 min, aged for 24 h. Templates were dipped in sols for 30 s, dried at 200°C for 5 min, and annealed at 550°C for 60 min in air. Resulting flakes were analyzed with SEM, EDX, and XRD. Data Analysis Methods:
XRD patterns were interpreted using a library; crystallite size was calculated using the Scherrer equation and extracted from SEM images.
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