研究目的
To evaluate image quality phantoms for use as internal quality controls in digital breast tomosynthesis systems.
研究成果
The ACR Model 015, TOMOMAM?, and TOMOPHAN? phantoms are suitable for image score analysis in DBT internal quality control, while others are not due to artefacts. Z-resolution measurements were unreliable except with aluminium beads in TOMOMAM?. Phantom manufacturers should collaborate with system manufacturers to design universal phantoms. Ideal phantoms should have realistic backgrounds, standard breast-like shapes, and allow sensitive measurements of image scores and other parameters like z-resolution.
研究不足
The study focused only on internal quality control and did not evaluate external quality controls. Z-resolution measurements were affected by saturation artefacts in most phantoms. The sensitivity of image scores to variations in dose levels was not assessed and is planned for a complementary study. Some phantoms (e.g., DBT QC model 021) were evaluated in prototype versions, and current versions may differ. Comparisons between systems regarding image scores are not possible due to differences in reconstruction algorithms.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study evaluated seven breast phantoms on reconstructed DBT images, focusing on image score and z-resolution parameters. Methods included visual analysis by observers and quantitative measurements using specific methodologies for z-resolution.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Seven phantoms (ACR Model 015, BR3D, DBT QC model 021, Mam/Digi-EPQC, MTM100, TOMOMAM?, TOMOPHAN?) were imaged on five DBT systems from three brands (HOLOGIC Selenia? Dimensions?, GEHC SenoClaire, SIEMENS Mammomat Inspiration). Three observers assessed the images.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Phantoms as listed, DBT systems, primary display systems with mammography-dedicated monitors (e.g., BARCO MDNG-5121, EIZO OFTD1083), ImageJ software, NCCPM Tools for DBT QC plugin, TOMOPHAN? QA software.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Phantoms were imaged in automatic mode on DBT systems. Images were checked for artefacts. Image scores were determined by observers under clinical conditions. Z-resolution was measured using slice sensitivity profiles (SSP(z)) for specific phantoms.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Image scores were averaged across observers. SSP(z) curves and full width at half-maximum (Z-FWHM) were calculated manually with ImageJ and automatically with software tools. Results were compared against theoretical expectations based on system angular ranges.
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SIEMENS Mammomat Inspiration
Mammomat Inspiration
SIEMENS
DBT system used for imaging phantoms in automatic mode.
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ACR Model 015
Model 015
CIRS
Phantom for image quality assessment in mammography and DBT, used to evaluate image score by counting visible inserts.
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BR3D
Model 020
CIRS
Breast imaging phantom with textured background, used for quality control but found to generate artefacts in DBT.
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DBT QC model 021
model 021
CIRS
Prototype phantom for DBT quality control, evaluated for image score and z-resolution but had issues with artefacts.
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Mam/Digi-EPQC
Mam Digi/EPQC
QUART
Phantom for mammography quality control, but generated artefacts in DBT images affecting image score.
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MTM100
MTM100
CIRS
Regulatory reference phantom for mammography, evaluated for DBT but generated artefacts.
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TOMOMAM
TOMOMAM?
CIRS
Phantom designed for DBT, used to evaluate image score and z-resolution with steel and aluminium beads.
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TOMOPHAN
TOMOPHAN? TSP004
Phantom Laboratory
Phantom for DBT quality control, used for image score and z-resolution measurements with tungsten carbide beads.
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HOLOGIC Selenia Dimensions
Selenia? Dimensions?
HOLOGIC
DBT system used for imaging phantoms in automatic mode.
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GEHC SenoClaire
SenoClaire
GEHC
DBT system used for imaging phantoms in automatic mode.
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ImageJ
Software used for manual analysis of SSP(z) curves and Z-FWHM calculations.
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NCCPM Tools for DBT QC
ImageJ plugin for automatic composite Z-FWHM measurements.
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TOMOPHAN QA software
Phantom Laboratory
Software for automatic determination of SSP(z) and Z-FWHM with TOMOPHAN phantom.
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BARCO MDNG-5121
MDNG-5121
BARCO
Mammography-dedicated monitor used for image visualization by observers.
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EIZO OFTD1083
OFTD1083
EIZO
Monitor used for image visualization in the study.
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