研究目的
To characterize and remove antibiotic residues from domestic and industrial secondary treated wastewaters in the Meri?-Ergene Basin using NFC-doped photocatalytic oxidation and assess reuse for irrigation.
研究成果
NFC-doped TiO2 photocatalytic oxidation effectively removes antibiotic residues (99-100%) and conventional pollutants (62-86% TOC, 62-79% COD) from secondary treated wastewaters, making them suitable for agricultural irrigation according to Turkish water quality standards.
研究不足
The study is limited to specific wastewater treatment plants in the Meri?-Ergene Basin and selected antibiotics; the method may require optimization for broader applications and scalability.
1:Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study involved conventional characterization of wastewater samples, preparation of NFC-doped TiO2 photocatalyst via sol-gel method without thermal processing, and photocatalytic activity tests under visible light irradiation.
2:Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Wastewater samples were collected from influent and effluent points of domestic and industrial wastewater treatment plants in the Meri?-Ergene Basin during July, November, and March.
3:List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment included Hach HQ40D Multimeter for pH, conductivity, DO measurements; Perkin Elmer spectrophotometer for UV-Vis measurements; HPLC MS/MS for antibiotic analysis; Laser Raman Spectrometer; photocatalytic reactor with UV lamps; magnetic stirrer; centrifuge; TOC analyzer. Materials included titanium tetraisopropoxide, ammonia aqueous solution, ammonium fluoride, carbon nanoparticles.
4:Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Samples were characterized for COD, TOC, SS, color, antibiotic residues. Photocatalyst was prepared, characterized, and used in photocatalytic oxidation tests under visible light for up to 7 hours, with samples analyzed at intervals.
5:Data Analysis Methods:
Data were analyzed using standard methods for water quality parameters, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, HPLC MS/MS for antibiotics, and Kubelka-Munk theory for band gap calculations.
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Perkin Elmer Spectrophotometer
Lambda 35
Perkin Elmer
UV-Vis reflectance measurements for photocatalyst characterization.
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Hach HQ40D Multimeter
HQ40D
Hach
Measurements of conductivity, pH, and dissolved oxygen in wastewater samples.
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Laser Raman Spectrometer
Invia
Renishaw
Raman spectra measurements for photocatalyst characterization.
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HPLC MS-MS
AB SCIEX 3200 QTRAP
AB SCIEX
Analysis of antibiotic residues in water samples.
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TOC Analyzer
TOC LCPH/CPN SSM 5000 A
Measurement of total organic carbon in water samples.
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Magnetic Stirrer
Multi Channel Stirrer
Jeiotech
Stirring during photocatalytic experiments.
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UV Lamps
Provide visible light irradiation for photocatalytic tests.
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Oasis HLB Cartridges
60 mg/3 ml
Waters
Solid phase extraction for antibiotic analysis.
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C8 Supelco Column
100 mm, 3 × 2,7 μm
Supelco
Chromatography column for HPLC analysis.
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