研究目的
To develop a high-performance temperature sensing material using Yb/Er/Tm tri-doped Na3ZrF7 nanocrystals with self-reference capability and minimal interferential signals.
研究成果
The Yb/Er/Tm tri-doped Na3ZrF7 nanocrystals provide a novel noiseless temperature sensor with high sensitivity (Sa up to 0.17 K-1 and Sr up to 1.76 %K-1), outperforming many reported systems. The unchanged Er3+ emission serves as a reliable internal standard, enabling accurate temperature measurement with minimal interference. Future work should focus on biomedical applications and further optimization of material properties.
研究不足
The study is limited to a specific temperature range (313-473 K) and may not cover extreme conditions. The sensitivity could be affected by particle size and doping variations, and the method requires precise control of synthesis parameters. Potential optimizations include extending the temperature range and improving material stability.
1:Experimental Design and Method Selection:
A solvothermal method was used to synthesize Yb/Er/Tm-doped Na3ZrF7 nanocrystals, aiming to achieve dual-only, well-separated emission bands for temperature sensing. The design rationale includes controlling particle size and doping concentrations to tune thermal quenching effects.
2:Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Samples were prepared with varying concentrations of Yb, Er, and Tm ions (e.g., 20Yb/2Er/0.5Tm) and different mean particle sizes (e.g., 25 nm, 45 nm, above 100 nm) by adjusting NaOA content. Data were collected from synthesized nanocrystals.
3:5Tm) and different mean particle sizes (e.g., 25 nm, 45 nm, above 100 nm) by adjusting NaOA content. Data were collected from synthesized nanocrystals. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: Materials included ZrOCl2·8H2O, Ln(NO3)3·6H2O (Ln=Tm, Er, Yb), sodium oleate (NaOA), NH4F, oleic acid (OA), oleylamine (OM), cyclohexane, and ethanol. Equipment included a powder diffractometer (Bruker D8 Advance), TEM (FEI Tecnai G2 F20), EDS (Aztec X-Max 80T), spectrofluorimeter (Edinburgh Instruments FLS920), adjustable laser diode (980 nm), temperature controller (TAP-02, ORIENT KOJI), spectrofluorometer (Edinburgh Instruments FS5), and TSL setup (SL085).
4:5). Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
4. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow: Nanocrystals were synthesized by dissolving precursors in ethanol, mixing with OA, OM, and NaOA, adding NH4F, heating in an autoclave at 130°C for 12 h, washing with ethanol and cyclohexane, and centrifuging. Characterizations involved XRD, TEM, EDS, UC emission spectra measurement under 980 nm excitation, temperature-dependent photoluminescence studies, decay curve recording, and TSL measurements.
5:Data Analysis Methods:
Decay curves were fitted with a bi-exponential model to calculate lifetimes. FIR was calculated as I800/I673, and temperature sensitivities (Sa and Sr) were derived from FIR vs. temperature plots. Statistical analysis included fitting equations and comparison with reported systems.
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powder diffractometer
D8 Advance
Bruker
Used for X-ray diffraction analysis to characterize the crystal structure of the nanocrystals.
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transmission electron microscopy
Tecnai G2 F20
FEI
Used for morphology and size characterization of the nanocrystals.
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spectrofluorimeter
FLS920
Edinburgh Instruments
Used for recording upconversion emission spectra under laser excitation.
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spectrofluorometer
FS5
Edinburgh Instruments
Used for recording decay curves of luminescence.
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energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope
Aztec X-Max 80T
Used for elemental analysis to verify the presence of elements in the nanocrystals.
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temperature controller
TAP-02
ORIENT KOJI
Used for controlling temperature during photoluminescence measurements.
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thermally stimulated luminescence setup
SL085
Used for TSL measurements to study electron trap and release processes.
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laser diode
Used as an excitation source for upconversion emission studies.
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